Fordyce v. Nix

Wood, J-. Appellee filed his complaint for damages, alleging that he, wife and two daug'hters, left Detroit, Texas, to visit relatives and friends at Buckner, Arkansas, a reg'ular stopping' point on appellants’ railroad ; that they were passengers, having purchased tickets, which conductor received on train ; that the company, disregarding its contract of carriage, refused and failed to stop at Buckner, their destination ; that appellee requested conductor, half mile beyond the station, to back up train and allow them to debark, which he refused to do, using profane and insulting language in the presence of appellee and family ; that conductor was rough and insulting- from time they passed Buckner tó Waldo, where they got off; that, by violation of their contract and the insults, outrages and mistreatment, he had been damaged $2500. Appellants demurred for misjoinder, which being overruled, they saved exceptions and answered, denying every allegation except contract of carriage, and charged appellee with contributory negligence. Verdict and judgment for $1000 ; appeal duly prosecuted. i._ Nature of action. The contract of carriage, its wilful breach, and the # ^ ° insult and injury resultant, damnifying appellee as he claims in the sum of $2500, as set. forth in the complaint, we hold constituted a tort. Under the reformed procedure, courts regard the substance rather than the form. Substantia -prior et digmior est forma. As was said by the Supreme Court of Mississippi, in a very similar case: “The character of the action must be determined by the nature of the grievance, rather than the form of the declaration.” New Orleans, etc. R. Co. v. Hurst, 36 Miss. 660. But, measured by the most technical rules of pleading, the complaint contains all the necessary allegations for an action ex delicto. Such was evidently the intention of complainant, the facts warranted it, and we so treat it. It foílows, considering-appellant’s demurrer as a motion to strike, which is the proper practice, (Mansf. Dig. secs. 5016, 5017; Organ v. Railroad Company, 51 Ark. 261 ; Riley v. Norman, 39 id. 158 ; Terry v. Rosell, 32 id. 495) that it was properly overruled. 2. when punitive dan: a?es recovercarr,er-Was the verdict excesssive ? Since the trial judge, who saw and heard the witnesses, has refused to disturb it, this court, according to a rule long ago established, and supported by the great weight of authority, will not interpose, unless the amount is so flagrantly unjust or unreasonable as to indicate passion, prejudice, corruption, or a failure to appreciate the law and facts presented. Sexton v. Brock, 15 Ark. 345 ; McClintock v. Lary, 23 id. 215 ; Bright v. Bostick, 27 id. 55 ; Trieber v. Andrews, 31 id. 163 ; Kelly v. McDonald, 39 id. 387 ; Texas, etc. R. Co. v. Eddy, 42 id. 527 ; 3 Sutherland on Dam. sec. 953 ; 1 Sedg. on Dam. sec. 388. It was peculiarly the province of the jury to weigh the evidence and gather from the conflict the true state of facts. Viewing- the evidence in the strongest light for appellee (Railway Co. v. Davis, 56 Ark. 51), the jury might have concluded that appellant’s train did not stop at all at Buckner; that the name of the station was not called ; that the brakeman was asleep, and the conductor intoxicated ; that the conductor used profane and insulting languag-e to appellee in the presence of ladies and others ; that his conduct almost precipitated a fight, and would have done so but for the interference of a passenger; that, when importuned to go back and let appellee and family off at their destination, he was very rough and insulting; that appellee was quiet and peaceable, his “conduct being that of a gentleman.” Railroad companies, as common carriers of passengers, are authorized, and it is their duty, “to do all acts and things necessary to protect passengers from all acts of fraud, imposition or annoyance.” Acts 1889, p. 123. It is made a crime for conductors to become intoxicated while running'a train. Mansf. Dig. sec. 5480. Railroads are required to furnish sufficient accommodations for transporting, and to take, transport and discharge, passengers who have paid their fare, and, upon refusal by the corporation or its agents, they are liable-in damages to the party aggrieved. Mansf. Dig. secs. 5475, 5476. The contract they make is one they must make and must perform, differing in that regard from contracts simply “ inter partes,” so that a breach on their part, g'rossly negligent or wilful, is not merely a breach of contract but a tort. 2 Sedg. Dam. sec. 859; 3 Sutherland, Dam. sec. 941. Under the obligations imposed by law upon railroads for the protection of passengers from indignities, insults and injuries, the facts presented by this record make a case for punishment by way of example. 3 Suth. Dam. sec. 950 ; 1 Sedg. Dam. secs. 347, 360 ; New Orleans etc. R. Co. v. Hurst, 36 Miss. 660 ; New Orleans etc. R. Co. v. Statham, 42 id. 607 ; Caldwell v. N. J. Steamboat Co. 47 N. Y. 282 ; Graham v. Pacific R. Co. 66 Mo. 536 ; Penn. R. Co. v. Books, 57 Pa. St. 339 ; Goddard v. Railway, 57 Me. 217. The verdict was not excessive. 3. Instruction as to amount o£ damages considered. The trial court should not have told the jury, however, that if the conduct of appellants was wilful, etc. “they may allow him additional vindictive or punitive damages, not exceeding the amount sued for,” the objection being to the words, “ not exceeding the amount sued.for.” Verdicts of juries in actions sounding in exemplary damages, while they cannot exceed the amount claimed in the complaint, should, nevertheless, in each case be reasonable, and commensurate with the wrong done, as shown by the evidence adduced. The amount claimed in the complaint is frequently so exorbitant and disproportionate to the facts proven as, of itself, to suggest prejudice, and to tell the jury in such cases that they might find in any amount, not exceeding* amount claimed, would be tantamount to saying that they would be justified in finding* an excessive verdict. The Supreme Courts of Georgia and Texas have condemned instructions containing the above language. Bryan v. Acee, 27 Ga. 87 ; Willis v. McNeill, 57 Tex. 465. It should be said, however, that thése were cases between private individuals, and in both the court found that the verdicts were excessive, and that therefore the charge of the trial judge might have been prejudicial. In the case before us, the jury having found for less by $1500 than the amount claimed, and being amply sustained by the proof, it appears they were not misled, nor appellant prejudiced by the instruction. Affirmed. Bunn, C. J., did not participate in the decision of this cause.