Dover v. Arkansas Department of Human Services

D. Franklin Arey, III, Judge. The Juvenile Division of the Benton County Chancery Court removed appellant Rick Dover’s three children from his custody following an emergency hearing. The juvenile court found that removal was in the children’s best interest, and necessary to protect their health and welfare. On appeal, appellant argues that the State failed to meet its evidentiary burden for removal of the children; that the juvenile court based its decision on improper considerations; and that the juvenile court failed to make the required factual findings before ordering removal. We dismiss this appeal without reaching the merits because the juvenile court’s order is not a final, appealable order. At a hearing held on July 18, 1997, the juvenile court noted that the guardian ad litem’s report alleged the existence of an emergency regarding the children’s continued placement with appellant. Although the parties before the court argued their respective positions, no witness testified. The juvenile court concluded that the children should be removed from appellant’s custody and placed them with their grandmother. An order setting forth the juvenile court’s decision was entered on August 4, 1997. The order noted that appellee Department of Human Service’s contact with the family “occurred during an emergency. ...” Appellant is appealing from the order of August 4, 1997. The juvenile court must hold an emergency hearing to determine if probable cause to issue an emergency ex parte order under § 9-27-314 continues to exist. See Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-315(a)(1)(A) (Supp. 1997). At this emergency hearing, the juvenile court must set the time and date for an adjudication hearing to be held within thirty days of the emergency hearing. See Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-315(d). Appellant does not bring this appeal from an adjudication order; there are no issues before us concerning an adjudication hearing and order. An appeal may be taken from a final judgment or decree entered by a trial court. See Ark. R. App. P. — Civ. 2(a)(1). To be appealable, an order, decree, or judgment must dismiss the parties from the court, discharge them from the action, or conclude their rights to the subject matter in controversy. Chancellor v. Chancellor, 282 Ark. 227, 667 S.W.2d 950 (1984). Because a final order is a jurisdictional requirement, an appellate court should raise the issue on its own motion. See Lester v. Lester, 48 Ark. App. 40, 889 S.W.2d 42 (1994). In the case before us, appellant is appealing from an order entered after an emergency hearing; that is not a final order for purposes of appeal. The statute allowing for emergency hearings mandates an adjudication hearing within thirty days of the emergency hearing. See Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-315(d). Adjudication hearings are held to determine whether the allegations in a petition are substantiated by the proof. See Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-327(a). Implicit in this statutory scheme is the notion that proof will be presented at the adjudication hearing; the presentation of proof is not concluded at the emergency hearing. Thus, an order based upon an emergency hearing does not discharge the parties from the action or conclude their rights to the subject matter in controversy. It is not a final order. Cf. Chancellor, 282 Ark. at 229-30, 667 S.W.2d at 951-52 (a temporary custody order is not a final order for purposes of appeal where the appellant had not yet completed her proof on the issue of custody and where it was obvious that this was not the court’s final action). Our disposition of this appeal is consistent with our prior commentary on the finality of orders arising out of emergency hearings. Since probable cause hearing orders are not final and appealable, the statutory scheme of the juvenile code adds the safeguard of requiring that an adjudication hearing be held within thirty days of the probable cause hearing. In that way, any errors made in the probable cause hearing, which would not be subject to immediate appeal, are minimized by requiring the full adjudication hearing to follow soon thereafter. Johnston v. Arkansas Dep’t of Human Servs., 55 Ark. App. 392, 394, 935 S.W.2d 589, 590 (1996). While the court in Johnston noted that this discussion was not necessary to the disposition of the issues on appeal, it is certainly applicable to the case at bar. Given the juvenile code’s statutory scheme, orders based upon emergency hearings held pursuant to § 9-27-315 are not final. We do not have jurisdiction to address this appeal, so we dismiss it without prejudice to appellant to obtain review after a final order has been entered and filed. Appeal dismissed. Pittman, J., agrees. Griffen, J., concurs.