Evans v. Bowers

Mr. Justice Elliott delivered the opinion of the court. The writ of habeas corpus, though of inestimable value as a safeguard of human liberty when proceedings under it are judiciously administered, has nevertheless been so often improvidently used as a means whereby criminals, justly convicted, have escaped punishment, that its name in certain communities has become odious. This has been occasioned in some measure, perhaps, by investing inexperienced judges with jurisdiction of the writ; but the greatest evil has resulted from an improper use of the writ as a substitute for an appeal or writ of error, whereby courts without appellate jurisdiction, passing upon questions of supposed error, and not within the scope of habeas corpus proceedings, have released prisoners for the most trifling causes. Fortunately, in Colorado until 1879, jurisdiction of the writ was confined to the judges of the superior courts. At that time the state, having outgrown its judicial system,— there being only four judicial districts in the state, and no constitutional authority to increase the number, — • an act was passed investing county judges with jurisdiction in certain habeas corpus cases, under careful limitations. Gen. St. ch. 49, § 20. The county court has no authority to issue a writ of habeas corpus except in cases clearly within the statute; and whenever it appears, at any time, that such writ has been issued without.authority, it should be promptly dismissed and the prisoner remanded. Application was made for the -writ of habeas corpus in this case on September 11th. A term of the district court [514] of Fremont comity was then provided by law to be held on the second Monday of October following; and we tato judicial notice that said second Monday occurred October 11th, in the year 1886. Hence we must determine whether or not the holding of such October term was within thirty days from the application for said writ. If the term was to be held within said period, then the county court was without jurisdiction to issue the writ, its authority being limited by the positive command of the statute. In the case of Stebbins v. Anthony, 5 Colo. 348, and also in Re Tyson (decided at this term), it is held that the rule for computing time within which an act is tobe done is to include one day and exclude the other; but in neither of those cases was it necessary to determine whether the first day or the last should be excluded. In this case, however, if we include the first day, then there was no term of the district court within thirty days from the date of the application for the writ; but if we exclude the first day, then such term was within the thirty days. So, in this case, we must of necessity determine which day is to be excluded. In Hax v. Leis, 1 Colo. 171, it was held that the day on which the order for an appeal bond is made is to be excluded under a statute requiring the bond to be filed “within the time limited by the court.” The Code of Civil Procedure (section 382) provides “that the time within which an act is to be done, as provided by this act, shall be computed by excluding the first day and including the last.” Thus we have a judicial decision and an act of legislation in this state tending to favor the exclusion of the first day. From the examination of the question, we find that the rule requiring the first day to be excluded is well sustained by authority, and we see no reason why it should not be applied in this case. Cornell v. Moulton, 3 Denio, 12; Bemis v. Leonard, 118 Mass. 502; Roan v. Rohrer, 72 Ill. 582; Sheets v. Selden’s Lessee, 2 Wall. 177. [515] This disposes of the case adverse to the jurisdiction of the county court. The remaining assignments of error need not be considered. The judgment of the county court is reversed, and the cause remanded with directions to dismiss the proceeding for want of jurisdiction. ■ Reversed.