Greig v. Ware

Mr. Justice Gabbert delivered the opinion of the court. On the foregoing record plaintiff assigns numerous errors, but a consideration of the following propositions will be sufficient for a determination of the case: First. Power of the court to require plaintiff to file a new replevin bond, and enforce obedience to such order in the manner adopted by the trial court. Second. The regularity of the proceedings, substituting Ware as defendant. The issuance of a writ of replevin in advance of a judgment settling the rights of the parties in an action for the claim and delivery of personal property is a provisional remedy, which can only be invoked in the manner provided by the code on this subject. Before such writ can be issued, a bond must be filed. Under such writ the party at whose instance it is issued is entitled to the possession of the property, taken under the writ, pending the trial of the cause upon its merits, unless defendant chooses to give what is termed a “re-delivery bond.” The object of the bond required before the writ issues, is for the protection of the defendant in the action. The code also provides that when any undertaking given in an action of replevin is insufficient, a new one may be ordered filed within such time as directed, and upon failure to comply with such order, the court shall direct the return of the property to the adverse party pending trial. A party at whose instance a writ of replevin issues cannot retain possession of the property taken by virtue of such writ during the pendency of the action, unless he keeps his security good; and it therefore becomes imperative upon the court in which such suit is brought, or may be pending, if the bond given is insufficient for any reason, upon [187] showing to that effect, to require a new one, and the party so ordered cannot complain unless it should appear that the-bond for which another was ordered, was sufficient. That is not the condition here, for an examination of the record discloses that the application for a new bond made at the instance of the original defendants, fully authorized the order made in this respect, and no excuse offered by plaintiff, or which he could offer, justified, or could justify, his failure to comply with this order, unless it might he insufficiency of time in which to comply therewith; hut that, however, he does not claim was the case, so the next question to consider is the authority of the trial court, as a penalty for such failure, to order his pleadings stricken from the files, and proceed to hear the cause upon its merits, without permitting him to offer evidence, although allowed the privilege of cross-examining the witnesses produced by defendants. In the former opinion filed in this court, it was held that the court could enforce obedience to its order, requiring a new bond, in the manner it did. Upon petition for rehearing by plaintiff in error, the correctness of this holding’ is challenged. A further examination of the authorities then cited in support of the ruling made on this question, and especially of Hovey v. Elliott, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 841, where the authorities cited in our original opinion and others on the same subject are exhaustively reviewed, we conclude that while a court has the inherent power to enforce obedience to its orders, under pain of a proper penalty, it has not the authority to punish a party for disobedience to such orders in a manner which results in depriving him of a trial of the cause in which such orders are made, upon its merits. It is contended by counsel for defendant in error, that the proceedings had and judgment rendered in the trial court did not amount to a disposition of the action upon its merits. This view is not sustained by the record, because the judgment pronounced in the action is one which purports to finally determine the rights of the parties to the subject-matter in dispute; and if there was error in the proceedings which may have influenced the re188 'suit, plaintiff in error is entitled to have such proceedings reviewed. We are of the opinion that the order of the court, •striking the pleadings of plaintiff from the files, and precluding him from offering evidence in support of his alleged ■rights to the property, was erroneous, because he was thereby ■deprived of such rights “without due process of law.” Hovey v. Elliott, supra. In our former opinion the cause was reversed for the reason that Ware was improperly substituted as a defendant in the 'action. Under the facts as disclosed by the record, whether ■or not such substitution could be made becomes of supreme importance, and counsel for defendant in error also petition for a rehearing on this proposition, and in his brief in support ■of the application, says, in effect, that he understands the ruling of the court to be based upon the fact that the case being one for unlawful seizure of property, the defendants ■originally sued became liable in their individual, and not in their official, capacity, and that when a substitution became necessary, their personal representatives should have been substituted, and the action being one in tort, their official successor had no interest in the litigation, and could not make himself liable for the personal torts of his predecessors. This view he admits is undoubtedly sound, but questions its application to the facts in this case, because the possession of the property did not remain with the original defendants, and that they sought to obtain a return thereof by reason of their seizure of such property under writs of attachment, and therefore, became actors in the controversy, and sought to establish their right to the possession of such property in their official capacity; and their term of office having expired, their successor, by virtue of his office, became entitled to the possession of such goods in the event they were successful, and it was, therefore, proper to substitute him as the defendant in the action. We do not understand that the property being in the possession of the plaintiff instead of the original defendants at the time of the substitution, would make any difference in regard to the question of substitution, ■ [189] because the former was still seeking to enforce his rights, against them as individuals, and not as officials. Again, the plaintiff claimed damages from the original defendants on account of their alleged wrongful seizure of the property, and that claim, over their objection, they could, not be compelled to establish as against another. Had they given a redelivery bond, and been in possession of the property at the time their terms of office expired, with this litigation still pending, we do not understand that they would have been required to turn over this property to their successor in office. True, after they ceased to be officers, they could make no disposition of the property under any process, from the court, but that in no manner determines their right, to the possession of the property after they ceased to be officers, for in this action they seek to avoid a personal, and not, an official, liability growing out of their seizure of such property. They were originally sued as individuals. This, was determined by the former decision in this case, in Greig v. Clement, 20 Colo. 167. Ware was substituted in his individual capacity; he could not have been substituted in any other, because the action was not against his predecessor,. Kendall, in his official capacity. The object of the action was to establish a personal, and not an official liability against. the original defendants, and any judgment obtained against them could only have been satisfied out of their individual property. The action did not abate by the expiration of their term of office, and could have been brought against them-after they had ceased to be officers, as well as before. Stillman v. Squire, 1 Denio, 327. When Ware succeeded Kendall, he did not thereby become liable in any capacity for the-seizure of these goods by his predecessor. No action could, have been maintained against him for these acts; nor as an individual did he succeed to any interest in the subject-mattter ■ of the controversy, and the fact that Kendall’s term of office • had expired before the cause was tried, did not relieve him-, from his personal liability, nor could he shift that responsibility upon another, even by consent of one willing to assume, [190] such, liability over the objection of the plaintiff. If plaintiff had sought to have the present defendant in error substituted for the original defendants in the action, he could have successfully resisted such application upon the ground that he was in no manner concerned in the subject-matter of the controversy, not responsible for the alleged wrongful acts of his predecessors, nor for damages growing out of such acts, and if he could not have been substituted over his objection, on motion of plaintiff, he cannot compel the latter to now accept him as a defendant in lieu of the original ones in the action. The test to apply, by which to ascertain who are proper parties to substitute in a pending action, when conditions arise necessitating substitution, is, who has succeeded to the interests of the original parties, in whose stead others are to be substituted? The former opinion in this cause is withdrawn, and petitions for rehearing denied. The judgment of the trial court is reversed, and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded.