Shore v. People

Per Curiam. The only questions that we can consider upon this review are jurisdictional ones, and the only matters argued, said to be of this character, are: (1) the affidavit on which the warrant of attachment was .granted does not set up matters that constitute a contempt; (2) a warrant of attachment cannot lawfully issue in the first instance ; (3) the judgment was prematurely rendered; (4) the judgment is void because it does not contain a recital of the acts or conduct constituting the alleged contempt, and does not indicate how, and to whom, the fine should be paid to entitle defendant to a discharge, and is in the alternative. 1. If we correctly understand- the first point made, it is that even though the acts and conduct of the defendant mentioned in the affidavit are of such a nature as might have rendered him guilty of contempt had his behavior accomplished the object intended, yet since there is no statement in the affidavit that- these acts in any way interfered with the operation, or repair, of the ditch, or that its superintendent stopped work as the result of the threats, or that the same frightened him, or kept him from his work, no foundation was laid to give the court jurisdiction in contempt. The affidavit does leave it in some doubt as to whether the threats of violence terrorized the ditch superintendent, but that is not material. The defendant could violate the [519] order by acts falling far short of tilling or intimidating that officer. The affidavit distinctly charges that after receiving notice of the injunction the defendant cut the bank of the ditch, which he had no right to do, and that this cutting so interfered with and destroyed the plaintiffs’ ditch as to prevent its proper use. This is a direct violation of the letter as well as spirit of that part of the injunctive order which required the defendant to desist from cutting, or in any wise interfering with, the ditch, and we hold that it was sufficient to give the court jurisdiction. That is the limit of our inquiry, unless jurisdiction was lost by some subsequent act of the court, to which contention, made by plaintiff in error, under the following heads, we address ourselves. 2. The proceeding below was evidently under chapter 30 of the code, and the various orders were made by the court in term time. Section 323 of the code of 1887 expressly authorizes.the issuance of a warrant of attachment in the first instance, although an order to show cause was also proper. Under our decisions this is a civil contempt, and the procedure of this chapter is applicable. If any irregularities were committed, no objection was made at the time and besides as already stated we are precluded from considering mere errors less grave than jurisdictional ones. 3. Section 149 of the code is relied upon for the proposition that this judgment was prematurely entered. The point is that if, under this section, the warrant of attachment may issue in the first instance, it is the duty of the judge or court, when defendant is brought in by it, either to commit him to jail, or to take bail for his appearance at the next term of court, and to postpone final judgment until term time. In People v. District Court, 19 Colo. 343, it was held that this section had reference solely to proceedings before a judge at chambers, and has no application to proceedings before the court in term time. The judgment, therefore, was not prematurely rendered, and the jurisdiction which the affidavit conferred was not ousted by a departure from the regular course of procedure provided for this class of eases. [520] 4. In imposing a fine it is competent for the court further to direct that the party shall stand committed until the fine is paid; and a judgment so providing is not subject to the criticism of being in the alternative. Neither is this judgment subject to the charge of indefiniteness. It is in form substantially like judgments that are rendered under our practice. The defendant can obtain his discharge at any time by paying the fine to the clerk of the court, or, if execution issue, to the sheriff. If the foregoing criticisms of the final order were tenable at all, they do not present questions of the grave import that can be here considered. In some cases, as the result of statute or judicial decision, as in Reynolds v. McElhone, 20 How. Pr. 454, Dewitt v. Dennis, 30 How. Pr. 131, and State v. Galloway, 5 Coldwell (Tenn.), 326; 98 Am. Dec. 404, the rule is enforced requiring the judgment for contempt, or order of commitment, to state upon its face the cause of the contempt alleged as the ground of jurisdiction upon which judgment is rendered. This was not necessary at common law, and it has been held that a statement of the facts need not be made unless required by statute. Church on Habeas Corpus, § 340; Rapalje on Contempts, §§ 1, 128; Easton v. State, 39 Ala. 551; 87 Am. Dec. 49. The judgment here did not contain this recital. But under section 322 of our civil code, we think it is only in contempts committed in the immediate view and presence of the court or judge at chambers — that is, in direct contempts —and where punishment is summarily inflicted, that it is necessary for the judgment to recite the facts constituting the contempt. Where the contempt is not committed in the immediate view and presence of the court or judge at chambers — in other words, in cases of constructive contempt which this was — since in such cases an affidavit must be presented setting forth the facts constituting the contempt — it is not necessary that the judgment should recite them. The only object of requiring these facts to he shown somewhere in the record is to enable the reviewing court to see whether or not [521] they amount to a contempt, and thus to determine from them the jurisdiction of the trial court. And if the procedure prescribed requires an affidavit first to be presented to the trial court containing these facts as the foundation of the proceeding, the court of review can, and does, look to the statement in the affidavit for the purpose of ascertaining whether, or not the court below had jurisdiction, and it is not necessary to repeat the statement in the judgment. We think it will be found on examination that it is only, or usually, under a practice where the judgment itself is the entire record that well considered cases require it to contain a statement of the facts. Rawson v. Rawson, 35 Ill. App. 505. Our examination of the record satisfies us that the facts set up in the affidavit filed in the district court gave the court jurisdiction which was not ousted by anything that occurred during the investigation. The writ of error should therefore be dismissed.