State Treasurer v. Foster

The opinion of the court was delivered by Collamer, J. The statute provides, -where a judgment has been obtained against a sheriff for a default or neglect of official duty, and an execution issued thereon, on which there is a return of non est inventus, or a commitment to prison, then a scire facias may be sustained against the bail of the sheriff. It is on that statute this action is founded ; and inasmuch as it appears by the declaration, that after the judgment was obtained against the sheriff, it lay unexecuted several years, and then a scire facias was sued out thereon against said sheriff, execution issued, on which there was a return of non est inventus; the question now is, was there an execution issued on the judgment against the sheriff for neglect, or did it issue on a different and independent judgment. In other words, was the scire facias against Holmes an independent or separate action, or is it but a continuation and part of the former suit ? Scire facias is a generic term, and includes proceedings of two distinct classes. First, those cases which are in nature and in fact original actions, such as sci. fa. to set aside letters patent, on recognizances of various kinds and these cases in our statute, against sheriff’s bail, &c. Secondly, sci. fa. on a judgment against parties, or previous thereto. These are not original suits, but merely ancillary. It is used when there is a death between interlocutory and final judgment, or a marriage has intervened. Such are clearly but parts of the former suit. In 1 T. R. 383, where scire facias was brought because the defendant died between the execution and return of the writ of inquiry, the court say, “ this is not a new action, but a continuation of the old one.” Under which of these classes belongs the scire facias on a judgment, after a year, against the judgment debtor ? By the ancient common law, sci. fa. could not issue on judgment in a personal action. It was always debt. In real actions, sci. fa. issued, because debt could not be sustained for the land, in kind. By stat. West. 2, (13 Edw. 1,) sci. fa. was extended to personal actions ; and as thus anciently modified, the law has come down to us. The law presumes the judgment is in some way arranged in a year, and will not suffer an execution to go. Sci. fa. is issued [54] for the debtor to show cause why execution should not issue; and and if no cause is shown, judgment passes that the plaintiff have execution. In short, it is but a process to procure execution on the former judgment. “ When brought to revive a judgment, after a year and a day, it is but a continuation of the original action.” — 2 Arch. Pra. 76. “ Upon a recognizance, a scire facias is an original proceeding; but upon a judgment, it is only a continuation of the former suit.” Tidd. Prac. 983. The result is, that execution did issue on the judgment against Holmes, for his neglect. Judgment, that the declaration is sufficient.