Van Amee v. Jackson

Kellogg, J. The questions in this case arise upon exceptions by the plaintiff to the decision of the county court, adjudging that neither cf the persons summoned as trustees were chargeable as the trustees of Aaron J. Ketcham, one of the principal defendants, on the facts which appear in the case. It is well settled that one can not bo charged as trustee on the ground of having mere securities for money in his hands, (Hitchcock v. Edgerton, 8 Vt. 202; Scofield v. White’s trustees, 29 Vt. 330.) and the application of this principal to the facts in this case leaves no ground upon which it can be claimed that James M. Ketcham is chargeable as the trustee of Aaron J. Ketcham : and the plaintiff does not now make any such claim. . In respect to Mary Ketcham, the other trustee, it is claimed by the plaintiff that she should be'held chargeable as the trustee of Aaron J. Ketcham, on the ground that the will of her husband, Barnard Ketcham, created a trust in her to make a distribution of the estate, which he devised to her, (excepting so much as should be necessary for her own support and comfort during her life,) among their children, of whom Aaron was one, and that the note which she executed to her son James M. Ketcham, mentioned in the report of the commissioner, with a condition that the avails should be applied by James for the benefit of Aaron, at his discretion, should be considered as having been executed in discharge of such trust and pursuant to the purpose expressed in the will of her husband, for the benefit of Aaron, and as his distributive share in her husband’s estate. If her son Aaron was entitled to any share in his father’s estate on tfi§ [176] distribution of it by ber pursuant to a trust created by the will for bis benefit, there can be no doubt that it should be treated as becoming his property absolutely, and if this note was given for such distributive share, the fact that it was made payable to another party would not exempt it from attachment by trustee process as his property, while held by him or by the party to whom it was made payable; Camp v. Scott, 14 Vt. 387; Marsh v. Davis, 24 Vt. 363. The bqnd executed by Mrs. Ketcham to her son James and Phineas P. Yail as trustees for her son Aaron having been executed as a substitute for this note, her obligations arising from it should receive the same consideration which is applicable to her obligations arising from the note itself. The will of Barnard Ketcham devised and bequeathed his entire property to. his wife, “ in the belief that she would make such a distribution of it among and between their children as would be just and equal, after keeping and using such parts thereof as she might want during her lifetime, according to the respective claims of the children, as she might judge would be just and proper, and in accordance with what she knew to be his wish and desire in respect to the distribution of his property among his children.” The will then proceeded as follows: “ And it is my wish that the said Mary shall at such times as she shall deem it advisable, and after using all the property she may wish for her own comfort and support, provide for the distribution of all my property to our children in a manner that shall be just and equal between them, having regard to such as may have received property from my property, and other circumstances which should have an influence in the distribution of the property which I shall- have at my decease.” The intention of the testator in respect to the ultimate distribution of his property among his children clearly appears to have been that the distribution should be equal between them, having regard to the amount which they each had respectively received from his estate and to such other circumstances as ought to be considered in connection with the distribution, and the whole matter is left to the judgment and discretion of his wife, as well in respect to the time of making the distribution, as to the amount which gaph one of his children should receive upon the distribution. [177] There is no doubt that precatory words iised by a testator in his will, or words expressive of hope, desire, or request, may amount to an imperative direction, creating a trust or beneficial intei'est in favor of the object of the trust; but, in giving a construction to precatory words in a devise, a court of equity will loOk at the circumstances existing at the date of the will, and, if necessary, will construe words importing a trust as mere expressions of recommendation or confidence ; Quayle v. Davidson, 12 Moore P. C. C. 268 ; Adams’ Equity 30, 31. Assuming that Mrs. Ketcham took the property of her husband, by virtue of the provisions of his will, under an obligation which amounted to a trust in favor of their children, it is clear that the will contains no certain declaration of the interests which the children were respectively to take, and that she had a trust with a discretion as to its execution ; in other words the trust was rather a direction and a recommendation than a direct trust. She was the person upon whose judgment and discretion the performance of the trust depended, according to the plain intention of the testator. The equal distribution of the testator’s property among his children must be considered the sole object of the trust, admitting such a trust was created by his will; and this distribution was to be made, by having regard to the amount which they had severally received from his estate, and such other circumstances as ought to be considered in determining the interests which the children were respectively to take upon the distribution. The commissioner reports that Aaron had received from his father in his lifetime an amount greater than he would have been entitled to in the equal distribution of his father’s estate among the heirs of his father, and this fact is decisive against his right to claim any share or beneficial interest under the provisions of his father’s will, and his creditors must stand upon the same rights which he would have against the trust property. It appears that he had not only received his full share of his father’s estate at the time of his father’s decease, but was in fact largely indebted to his father at that time, and that this indebtedness has never been paid. We think, therefore, that there is no ground upon which it can be justly claimed that the note which was executed by Mrs. Ketcham to her son Janies for [178] Aaron’s benefit was executed in performance of any trust created for bis benefit by the provisions of bis father’s will; and we are satisfied that, in the distribution made by her of her husband’s estate amoDg her other children, she disposed of the came according to the wishes and intention of her husband, as expressed in his will. If this note was not executed in performance or satisfaction of a trust created by the provisions of her husband’s will, if has no consideration to support it, and it was a gratuitous promise which could not be enforced against her as a legal obligation because of its lack of consideration. It is to be treated as a voluntary provision for Aaron out of her own property, and not from liter husband’s estate, and she had an unquestionable right so to bestow a gratuity or bounty which she destined for tlie support and benefit of her son as to place it beyond the reach cf his creditors. The same reasoning will apply to the note executed by her husband to Aaron, which is mentioned in the commissioner’s icport. Neither of these notes possessed the character of a legal obligation, because they were destitute of a legal consideration to support them. Each was a mere mode of bestowing a bounty by a parent for the- support of a son, and the creditors of the son have no right to complain that this bounty was intended by the donor to be made available to the son’s benefit rather than to their own. The bond executed by Mrs. Ketcham to trustees for Aaron’s benefit gave to Aaron no right to the money which she bound herself to pay by it until, in the judgment of the trustees, it could be paid over to him without risk of its being taken from him ; and it would defeat the express purpose of the instrument to hold that the creditors of Aaron can, by the trustee process, attach this money as a debt due from her to Aaron. They stand in no better right in respect to this money than tho-righf of Aaron himself, and his right is a qualified and not an absolute right to it; depending, as it does, upon the judgment and discretion of the trustees in respect to the time when it shall be made available to him. We find, on the facts which appear in the case, no ground upon which Mrs. Kef chain can be held chargeable as the trustee of her spn Aaron; and the judgment of the county court, [179] (which was pro forma,) that neither of the trustees are chargeable as trustees of the principal defendants or of either of them, and that they be discharged with costs, is accordingly affirmed.