Mayott v. Knott

Scott, Justice. Defendant in error recovered judgment against Annie Mayott, one of the plaintiffs in error, in a justice of the peace court in Daramie County. Mayott appealed to the district court and gave an undertaking on appeal in the usual form, with Idelman, the other plaintiff in error, as surety. Thereafter the case was docketed and set for trial in the district court, after which Mayott attempted to dismiss her said appeal by an entry upon the docket. A motion was-made by the defendant in error, the appellee in that court, to reinstate and redocket the appeal, which motion the court granted. The case was thereafter tried without the intervention of a jury and the court found and rendered judgment in favor of Knott and against said Mayott, the appellant therein, and also against Idelman, the surety on the appeal undertaking. Mayott and Idelman bring the case here on error. 1. It is urged that'the district court erred in reinstating and redocketing the appeal over the objection of the plain-, tiffs in error. Our statute provides that upon appeal from the judgment of a justice of the peace the case shall be docketed; that the plaintiff and defendant in the justice court shall be plaintiff and' defendant respectively in the district court; and that the case shall-be tried de novo and upon the pleadings and issues filed and made in the court appealed from. (Chap. 32, S. L. 1903, and Sec. 4401, R. S. 1899.) Section 4402, R. S. 1899, is as follows: “The district court may, at its discretion, allow amendments to the record or to any pleadings filed, in the furtherance of [112] justice, but when- the appeal shall be dismissed by reason of any irregularity in taking or consummating the same, the clerk of the district court shall certify, to the justice the order of dismissal, and shall remit with -such order all papers returned by the justice. The justice may thereupon issue execution as if no appeal had been taken.” The regularity of the appeal in the case before us was not questioned. The appeal having been perfected, the district court had jurisdiction to try the case de novo as provided by the statute. The judgment appealed from was by such appeal vacated, subject only to revival by a dismissal of the appeal. (Railroad Co. v. Hammond, 25 Kan., 208.) In the last named case, which was under statutes similar to ours and which provides for proceedings in error or by appeal from the judgment of a justice of the peace, Mr. Justice Brewer said: “If on the appeal a new judgment is rendered either way, the judgment before the justice never conies into life again; but if the appeal is dismissed, no new trial is necessary to revive and rehabilitate the former judgment.” The effect of the dismissal of the appeal under Section 4402, supra, would be to reinstate the judgment of the justice with power of the latter to issue execution upon the same when the clerk of the district court to which the appeal' had been taken “shall certify to the justice the order of dismissal and shall remit with such order all papers returned by the justice.” From this language it is clear that the dismissal of the appeal must be upon an order. Such dismissal revives, and in effect is an affirmance of, the. judgment appealed from. A judgment owes its existence and validity to the exercise of judicial power and in this respect is beyond the power of any individual. No individual act of the appellant could operate to revive the judgment in the justicé court, for by the terms of the statute the justice is powerless to enforce it in the absence of the certified order of dismissal from the clerk of the district court. The word order as used in that sense must mean the order referred [113] to and defined by the statute. An order dismissing an appeal carries out of court the action itself and constitutes a final order within the definition of the statute as contained in Section 4247, R. S- 1899, and which is as follows: “An order affecting a substantial right in an action, when such. order in effect determines the action and prevents a ■judgment, and an order affecting a substantial right, made ■in a'Special proceeding, or upon a summary application in -an■•action, after judgment, is a final order which may be vacated, modified or reversed, as provided in this chapter.” ■Section 4249 is as follows: “A judgment rendered or final order made by the district court, may be reversed, vacated or modified by the supreme court, for errors appearing on the record.” From these sections it follows that an order dismissing an appeal from a justice court must be made by the district court and must appear upon the record of that court; and that the attempted dismissal of the appeal by the appellant’s own entry upon the docket did not amount to an order of dismissal and was not sufficient to satisfy the requirement of these sections. The question is not whether the appellant would be“’ entitled to an order of dismissal upon a motion therefor, but whether independent of such motion or order he could dismiss his appeal. In Merrill v. Deering, 24 Minn., 179, the appeal was from the district to the supreme court, and in opposition to a motion to affirm the judgment the appellant presented a motion dismissing the appeal, served upon the respondent and filed, with proof of service, with the clerk. That court held that the supreme court having acquired jurisdiction it could not be deprived of the same at the mere will of the appellant. The court said: “He (meaning the appellant) should make application to the court for leave to dismiss. A mere notice that he dismisses is a nullity.” In Weiman v. Dilger, 46 N. Y. Super. Ct., 101, the court said: “The notice that the appeal was withdrawn did not discontinue the appeal. An order was necessary to accomplish that * * *.” To the same effect are Cart [114] ledge v. Sloan, 124 Ala., 506, and State ex rel. Graham v. Judge, 24 La., 598. The order dismissing an appeal from a justice court may be upon motion of one of the parties or by consent of the parties, but no act of theirs can be substituted for an order of dismissal which is judicial in character and which, unless based upon the consent of the parties, is appealable. Such an order is based upon a judicial determination of the question as to whether the appellant has taken the necessary steps to entitle him to a trial de novo or has waived his right thereto. The following cases arose upon an order in each case denying the appellant’s motion to dismiss his appeal. (Railroad Co. v. Hammond, 25 Kan., 208; Eden Musee Co. v. Yohe, 32 Neb., 452 (55 N. W., 866); Bacon v. Lawrence, 26 Ill., 53; Adkinson v. Gahan, 114 Ill., 21 (28 N. E. Rep., 380); State v. Monarty, 20 Ia., 595; 90 Ill. App., 269; Harper v. Albee, 10 Ia., 389; Hart v. Railway Co., 122 Wis., 308.) The foregoing are a few of the many cases showing the manner of preserving the question in the record for review and the general understanding of the profession as to the necessity for such an order. The record. fails to show any such order and we are of the opinion that the attempted dismissal was a nullity. The court never lost jurisdiction over the case and the motion to reinstate the appeal was evidently made under a mistaken idea as to the effect of the entry made by appellant upon the docket and was superfluous; and further, if the case had lost its place upon the trial- docket, it could have been and was reset for trial. This, as shown by the record, was done and the case was tried de novo. _ 2. Plaintiff in error, Idelman, objects to the judgment against him on the appeal undertaking. He was surety thereon and thereby conditionally entered his appearance in the case. The judgment runs against “Annie Mayott and Samuel Idelman, her surety.” It is urged that Idelman was not a party to the original action, nor a party thereto on appeal; that the judgment against him is contrary to [115] the language and obligation of the undertaking and that the court erred in rendering an entirely different judgment from that appealed from. The surety signed the undertaking for costs on appeal and stay of execution and thereby assumed all the obligations contained therein, and submitted himself to the jurisdiction of the court on the appeal to enforce the obligations thereby assumed. The undertaking must be construed in the light of the statutes in force at- the time of its execution. Section- 4408, R. S. 1899, is as follows: “When an appeal shall be dismissed or quashed, or when judgment shall be entered in the district court against the appellant, the surety in the undertaking, if there be an undertaking, shall be liable to the appellee for the whole amount of the debt, costs and damages recovered against the appellant.” Section 4412 is*as follows: “In all cases of appeal from a justice’s court, if the judgment of the justice be affirmed, or- if, on trial anew in the district court, the judgment be against the appellant, such judgment shall be rendered against him and his sureties in the undertaking, if there be an undertaking.” The undertaking is statutory, and while there is no authorization in the undertaking to enter judgment against the surety, yet the authority and jurisdiction to do so flows from the statute. (2 Cyc., 962.) When the surety signed the undertaking he authorized it to be filed in- the case and also the entry of judgment against him on the conditions contained in Section 4412, supra (2 Cyc., 961 and 964, and authorities there cited.) The district court did not exceed its jurisdiction, but acted clearly within the powers conferred upon it by statute in the entry of the judgment against the principal and Idelman as surety in the undertaking. The judgment will be affirmed. Affirmed. Potter, C. J., and Beard, J., concur.