Springer v. McIntire

Edmiston Judge : It appeal’s that Moses Shepherd, in his lifetime, was the owner of a valuable tract of land in Ohio county, on 'Wheeling creek, that he made a will disposing thereof, which will, after his death, was duly probated. A suit was instituted in the circuit court for partition, according to the rights of the parties under the will; and such proceedings were had, as resulted in a decree for a sale of the land on the ground that “ the interests of those who were entitled to the subject, or its proceeds, would be promoted by a sale of the entire subject.”Before the sale was decreed, the court appointed James Gilchrist, a commissioner for the purpose, and directed him to survey and divide the land into such convenient lots or parcels as, in his judgment, would make the same produce the best and highest price at any sale thereof that- might be decreed. This duty was performed by said Gilchrist, and he reported to the court a plat of the survey and division, particularly specifying the boundaries of each subdivision, which was marked “ Subdivisions of the Shepherd estate as surveyed by James Gilchrist, under an order of the circuit court of Ohio county, W. "Va., dated May 7, 1868.” In this subdivision there were many lots, marked A. B. C. I). E. E.' G. H. I. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. E. S. T. U. V. W. He recom — 198 — mended the coal, underlying all the lots except'A. and ~B. should- be divided into four lots numbered l, 2, 3, and 4, by certain lines; and that the coal should be sold separate from the surface: and one acre should be taken from each of the subdivisions C., K., R., and T. for a coal shaft or entry lotto these four coal fields respectively. This report, and all the subdivisions, were approved of by the court, and a sale decreed accordingly. He reports to the court that, in making these subdivisions, that he' had laid out'certain'“roads or rights of way” shown in a certain way on said plat. Lots N. and P. commenced on the “National road,” which runs through the front part of the property. Then M. adjoins south of N., and Q,. south of P. K. and R. adjoin still further south of Q,. In lot K. is one acre set apart as a coal shaft or entry lot to coal lot -No. 2., and is embraced by the exterior lines of lot K. From the.“ National Road” to this acre called the, coal shaft, or entry lot to coal lot No. 2, a road, or right of way, is marked on said plat, between,“ N” and “P.” and “M” and “ Q,.,” and terminates on the front line of said acre lot, not reaching the ground sold as lot “ K.” It appears that Benjamin Springer purchased at said sale, lot N., and that JosephBently purchased lot P.; that Abner Key purchased lot K. and coal lot No. 2, and the one acre set apart as the coal shaft or entry lot to coal field No. 2. These sales were all confirmed, and a deed was made by the commissioners to, Abner Key for lots K. and R. and the coal shaft or entry lot to coal lot No. 2, as well as the entry lot to coal lo.t No. 3, all of which he had purchased.. I might state that there is a road or right of way laid down and marked on said plat, along the dividing line between subdivisions Q,. and R. and coal lot No. 3, extending up to K. . In the de.ed executed by Lamb and List, the commissioners who sold the. land, and who were directed to convey to Key the lands he purchased, this - language is used by them; “ Now, therefore, this deed witnesseth, that the said Daniel C. — 199 — List and Daniel Lamb, special commissioners aforesaid, have this day granted and conveyed unto the party of•the second part, the following real estate, situated in the county of Ohio — that is to say, subdivisions K. and R>.; also the coal shaft or entry lots (containing one acre each) to coal fields numbered two and three, together with all the coal in said coal fields numbered two and three, and the privileges, rights of way and appurtenances to the same belonging or pertaining, as specified in the report and plat returned by James Gilchrist, surveyor, and on file in the papers of said cause, being part of the home plantation or estate mentioned in the ninth clause of the will pf Moses Shepherd, deceased, an accurate plat whereof, showing the lines of the several divisionsj lots and coal fields as the same were sold by said com: missioners, has been by them, pursuant to the said decrees, acknowledged for record in the recorder’s office of the said county of Ohio ; to have and to hold, etc., etc.” ' , Abner Key desiring to open and use the i;oad or right, of way extending from the Rational Road, to the coal shaft or entry lot to coal lot No. 2, and running along .the dividing line between subdivision N. and P., and the dividing lines between M. and Q,., to the one acre lot adjoining subdivision K., and claiming that he had a right to.use it as a way for general purposes to subdivision K., was obstructed in his effort so to open said wav, by said Springer, owner of subdivision N., and -Bently, owner of subdivision P. They claimed that his object was to use said way to subdivision K when in .fact he had no such right; that the extent of his right was to use it for coal purposes for coal field No. 2, and hence they interposed objections and obstructions to his opening said road way; unless he would avow his purpose to be to operate in the coal field for coal purposes. This he did not claim to be his purpose. Under this state-of facts, Key filed his petition in the circuit court of Ohio county, .setting forth ;his several — 200 — purchases, his compliance with the terms of the sale and -of the execution of the deed to him by the commissioners, and, also, showing the property purchased by Springer and Bently; and alleges that when he undertook to open said road to the coal shaft, or entry lot to coal field No. 2, and to subdivision K, as he lawfully might do, he was prevented by them from so doing. He therefore prays the court to declare his rights in the premises, and to enjoin and inhibit the said Springer and Bently, and their agents and all persons acting under them from interfering with him in the premises. Springer and Bently, as already stated, denied the right to open the road for the use of lot K, and alleged that the only purpose of Key was to use the road for the benefit of sub-division K, but did not deny his right to open the way to coal field number 2, if he desired to operate said coal field ; but the petitioner, Key, conceded that he did not intend to operate in coal at the present time, but perhaps might at some future time, if he found it would justify him to do so. During the penden-cy of this petition, the parties took the depositions of many witnesses as to what was the understanding in regard to these roads or rights of way at the time of the sale, and as to what was said by the commissioners and auctioneer at the sale. This evidence is very conflicting and throws but little light upon the matter, if it were proper to look to it as a means of passing upon the rights of the parties to this controversy. I think the weight of that testimony is to the effect that the sale was made according to the plat of Gilchrist, and the purchasers were referred to it for information, many copies of which were pi-esent for inspection by the public. Mr. Lamb states in his deposition, that he stated to the people at the sale, that the purchasers would be entitled to the use of the roads as laid down on the map by which they sold; that he thinks he stated this to Mr. Key; and he had a distinct impression that the commissioners had no right, nor was — 201 — it the intent of the decree, to restrict the use of any parcel of land to any one particular purpose. This opinion(he says) he may have given to Key in relation to the “coal entry lots.” He further testifies that he did not announce, or authorize any one to announce or state to the bidders, that the use of any of the roads laid out on the map was to be limited or restricted to any particular purpose; that his opinion was that the purchasers would not be so restricted, in the use of the road, to any particular purpose. On this'state of the proceedings and facts, the application came on to be heard in the circuit court, when that court ordered and decreed that the said petition of said Abner Key be dismissed at his costs. 'This decree comes here for review. No reasons are assigned showing the ground on which the court based this decree • and we are somewhat at a loss to devise the reasons that operated to produce a simple dismissal of the petition. It cannot be doubted, but the court had ample jurisdiction to declare the rights of the parties. This was not claimed at the bar in this Court. It may have been because the court considered that as Key was claiming a greater privilege than the circuit court, thought him entitled to, that he thereby forfeited such right as he had. We think that position cannot be maintained, because, conceding the use to be greater than the party was entitled to, even that actual use does not forfeit the right, but the party shall have his action of trespass. Mendell v. Delano, 7 Metc. 176, where Wilde, Judge, says “By a wrongful use, a party does not forfeit his legal rights," but is responsible only for damages.” Many other authorities to the like effect might be cited. Now if an actual abuse of the right cannot operate as a forfeiture, it seems to me, that it would be difficult to prove that a mere unfounded; or excessive, claim of right should have that effect. I think that the deed made ‘by the commissioners to Key, did grant and convey to him the fee simple title to the one acre of ground “called the coal shaft or entry lot” num — 202 — ber 2, to coal field number 2, with the right of way exr 'tending from, the Cumberland or National Koad, along the dividing lines, between sub-divisions N and P, and the dividing lines between sub-divisions M and Q,, to the said one acre lot. And this was a right of way for general purposes, and was not restricted to any particular ■purpose or use. • When we look to the deed, made in pursuance of the several decrees of the court, we find the grant without limit or .restriction. If we even endeavor to aid its terms by the .parol testimony, which I do not see we could do, without violating well settled legal principles, it seems to me that the evidence, most to be relied on, sustains and supports the provisions of the deed. With this express, unqualified and unrestricted right granted by the deed, I do not see how, this or .any other court, can add such a -restriction thereto as is claimed should be done in this case. That claim is, that it should be held that the right of way granted, was only that it might be used in the event the said Key operated for coal purposes ; that he has no right to use it for any other purpose, although such use might be less injurious to the land of the defendant. I cannot concur in this view of the case.. On. the contrary, I think this was a grant of right of way. for general purposes, and was without restriction or limitation, so far as the lot of one acre of land called “coal shaft or entry lot number 2,” is concerned. The owner of land in fee simple, has a right to use it for any and all legitimate purposes, taking'care, only, not, thereby, to injure any other person impropely. Therefore it follows that Key would have a right to reside on this lot, or to cultivate the surface thereof in the production of grain or vegetables, or any production to which it is adapted, and that it cannot be said, with show of authority, that he must be controlled in its use to any particular purpose, when owned and held under a deed without any such restriction contained therein, as that claimed. I doubt if it would be competent for a grantor to convey, in fee simple, an estate, with a limitation that it — 203 — should only be used for a certain purpose. It is true he may limit and instruct the use of the right of way as -he" pleases, but-that-is wholly different from an attempted restriction in the use of the land, that he conveys in fee simple.- But the petitioner, Key, 'claims that this right extends equally to sub-'division K. This is certainly what is'called an easement in favor of his lot number 2, and a charge upon the sub-divisions N. and P. and M. and Q,. He cannot claim the right to increase this burden or charge upon these servient lots or sub-division's, which was made for the benefit of one, so as to increase them by serving another lot or sub-division. On this proposition there is a concurrence and agreement in the authorities, to a uniformity that is' seldom met with, in difficult legal questions. Allen v. Gomme and Darvell, 39 E. C. L., 215; Henning v. Burnet, 8 Exch., 187; Atkins v. Boardman, 2 Metc. 457; Mendell v. Delano, 7 Metc., 176, 8 Ired. (N. C.) 190, Wash. on Easements — and many other authorities, might be 'referred to, all concurring in this doctrine. In Allan v. Gomme, Lord Denman, C. J., says, on page 221“It has been held that if á man has a right of wáy to a close called A. he cannot justify using the way to go to A, and from thence, to another close of his own adjoining to A., and refers to 1 Rolle’s Abridgement, Chemin Private (A.) pl., 3 p. 391; Howell v. King, 1 Mod., 190; Lawton v. Ward, 1 Ld. Raym.; S.C. 1 Lut. 111. In French v. Marston, 4 Fost., (24 N. H. 440) Judge Bell says : “Ho question is made that the grantee of a way is limited to use his way for the purposes and in the manner specified in his g-rant. He cannot go out of the limits of his way, nor use it to go to any other place than that described, nor to that place for any other purpose than that specified, if the use in this respect is restricted. The grantor has a right to limit his grant in any way he chooses, and the grantee takes the way, subject to all the restrictions the grantor — 204 — lias imposed, and cannot go beyond them without becoming a trespasser.” From this current of authority, all agreeing, I am of opinion that while the petitioner has an unrestricted right of way to the “coal shaft or entry lot of one acre, to coal field number 2, “he has no right to extend that right to sub-division Eh, because he would .thereby increase the charge upon the servient lots, sub-divisions N. and P., to the prejudice of the owners thereof. But that as he has not actually transcended his rights, he has not forfeited them, by an improper claim as to the extent thereof. I am therefore of opinion that the decree of the cir-cuitjjourt is erroneous, and the same be reversed and annulled with costs to the appellant. The following is the decree entered in this Court: And this Court proceeding to render such decree as the circuit court should have rendered, doth adjudge and order and decree that the said Abner Key has a right of way granted to him by the deed executed by Daniel C. List and Daniel Lamb, Special Commissioners, appointed by a decree of the circuit court of Ohio county rendered in the cause of Levi B. Springer and others, complainants against Shepherd McIntyre and others, defendants in said court, which deed bears date on the nineteenth day of May, 1870, and is of record in Ohio county ■ which road leads from the “Cumberland” or “National Road” along the dividing line between sub-division N., now owned by Benjamin Springer, and sub-division P., now owned by Joseph Bently and^along the dividing line of sub-divisions M. and Q,. to the coal shaft or entry lot number 2 to coal field number 2. And it is further ordered, adjudged and decreed that said right of way is for general purposes, and subject to no restriction as to the use of said “coal shaft or entry lot of one acre number 2, to coal field number 2.” But this Court doth further adjudge, order and decree — 205 — that the said Abner Key has no right to charge said right of way with service for the benefit of his sub-~ division K. It is therefore further adjudged, ordered and decreed that the said Benjamin Springer and Joseph Bently, and each of them, their agents and servants, and all. other persons acting under them or either of them, be, and they, and each of them, are enjoined and inhibited from interfering or obstructing the said Abner Key and his agents, from opening the said road as herein set forth and described, for the purposes herein declared; said road to be of the width and character as designated on the plat of surveyor James Gilchrist. And it is further adjudged, ordered and decreed that Benjamin Springer and Joseph Bently do- pay, to the said Abner Key, his costs expended in .the prosecution of his said petition in the ■ circuit court, with leave to sue out execution thereon. The other Judges concurred. Decree Reversed and Corrected in this Court.