Martin v. Fox & Wisconsin Improvement Co.

By the Court, Cole, J. It is objected by the respondent that the finding and decision of the court below cannot be reviewed in this court, because the matters of law and fact have not been properly incorporated in and brought to the [556] record by a bill of exceptions. The cause was tried before a referee, who reported to the circuit court the evidence and exceptions taken before him, together with his findings upon questions of law and fact arising in the case. The company— the defendant below — filed exceptions to the report of the referee, which were reviewed by the circuit court on the motion made to set aside the report, and the counter motion to confirm the same. The court overruled these exceptions, and ordered that the report stand in all respects confirmed. Exceptions were duly taken and filed to this order. The attorneys then saw fit to enter into a stipulation, to the effect that the referee’s report of the evidence and exceptions taken upon the trial before him; his findings of fact and law; the exhi bits thereto annexed ; the defendant’s exceptions to the findings of fact ano} law; the order to show cause why the report should not be set aside; the affidavit and the rulings of the court thereon, and the exceptions to such ruling, the objection to the confirmation of the report, the ruling of the court thereon and the exceptions thereto; the motion to confirm said report, rulings and exceptions thereto, should, for the purposes of an appeal, constitute the bill of exceptions in the case ; and the court entered an order according to this stipulation. So that it will be seen that the parties and court have specifically agreed upon and determined precisely what papers shall be deemed to be and shall in fact constitute the bill of exceptions. This method was resorted to, undoubtedly, to save the trouble and necessity of copying all these various papers, which are very voluminous, and incorporating them into a bill of exceptions in form. And these papers have all been certified to this court with the record in the cause. The question, therefore, would seem to be, whether it was not competent for the parties and court to settle a bill of exceptions in the manner this was done? Upon that point there would seem to be no room for doubt. It may be that this practice, if generally adopted, would bring before us a great deal of irrelevant matter, and that it is one not to be encour [557] aged. But still we feel that it is impossible to say that there is no bill of exceptions in the cause. The first cause of action stated in the complaint is for damages which the respondent alleges that he has sustained in consequence of the non-fulfillment on the part of the state of a certain contract therein specified, which damages, it is claimed, the company assumed and became liable to pay. Now it being conceded, for the purposes of this case, that such a cause of action against the state did in fact once exist, which the company subsequently in some manner became legally liable to pay, the further question then arises, has not the statute of limitations run upon it? It is insisted by the counsel for the company that this cause of action is barred, even if it ever existed, and the objection appears to us insuperable. It is very obvious that if the company ever became liable to pay for any damages growing out of the failure of the state to perform its contract with the respondent, it must have incurred this liability when it was organized under the act of July 6th, 1858 (chap. 98, Laws of 1853, p. 92), and when, by virtue of the provisions of that law, it became the owner of the work known as the “Eoxand Wisconsin Improvement,” with all the rights and obligations of the state in reference thereto. It is claimed by the respondent that the company, by succeeding to the rights oí the state in respect to this improvement in July, 1853, thereby incurred this obligation. But this action was not commenced until the 29th day of March, 1860, after this cause of action was barred by lapse of time. It is, however, contended that there was some subsequent promise or acknowledgment of the debt on the part of the company, which takes it out of the statute. The particular matters relied on to show a subsequent promise or acknowledgment of this debt, are certain resolutions adopted by the board of directors of the company at their meeting July 6th, 1855, and July 12th of the same year. By the former resolution the chief engineer was requested to report to the board his opinion as to the fair [558] and proper terms on which the contract which the respondent had made with the state for the completion of a portion of the improvement, should be cancelled. And'in the other resolution, the vice president and chief engineer were requested to examine the works under contract with the respondent, and to ascertain the terms on which the contract should be cancelled, and in case of disagreement to submit the matter to the board for its action thereon. All this not only fails to show a new promise, but can hardly be said to be an acknowledgment that any liability ever existed pn the part of any party to pay the respondent for damages for a breach of the contract. It is ■certainly insufficient to show the admission of any debt or legal liability on the part of the company for these damages, so as to remove the bar of the statute. And we think it would be contrary to all sound principles to hold that this action of the board, in directing some of its officers to ascertain upon what terms the contract could be cancelled, constituted a new promise, or an acknowledgment of a debt equivalent to such new promise, so as to take the case out of the statute of limitations. It would certainly be in conflict with many adjudge ed cases, and directly overthrow the the decision of this court in Pritchard v. Howell, 1 Wis., 131. We must therefore hold that the first cause of action is barred by the statute, even assuming that it was once a valid claim against the company. The third cause of action is for one hundred and eighty-three shares of stock belonging to the respondent, but used and appropriated by him for the use and benefit of the company. The proof is very satisfactory that the respondent advanced this amount of stock for the company; but the difficulty we find in affirming the judgment upon this point grows out of the fact that this amount of stock was to be returned to him. Now if he advanced this stock with the understanding that he was to receive a like amount of stock again, then it is very 'manifest that he cannot recover the value of the stock unless upon demand the company refuse to return it. [559] Got. Seymour’s testimony is very clear upon this point, and is uncontradicted by any other in the case. And while it shows that the respondent advanced stock for the company, it is equally explicit that he agreed to take stock again. It was therefore indispensable for the respondent to show that he had made demand for this stock, and that the company had refused to deliver it, before he could recover its value. It nowhere appears that he has ever made any such demand, and consequently he cannot recover upon that cause of action. In the second cause of action, the respondent seeks to recover the value of his services as agent and superintendent of the company while managing its affairs, and his expenses in traveling about its business to various parts of the country. The referee found “ that ^between the first day of August, 1853, and the first day of July, 1856, the plaintiff, at the request of the defendant, acted as the agent and superintendent of the defendant in the care and management of the business of the defendant; and that such services were worth the sum of fifteen hundred dollars per year, and in the whole the sum of four thousand three hundred and seventy-five dollars; and that between the first day of July, 1856, and the first day of October, 1859, the plaintiff, at the request of the defendant, acted as vice president and acting director of the defendant, and was engaged as such in and about the business of the defendant, and that such services were worth the sum of fifteen hundred dollars per year, and in the whole the sum of four thousand eight hundred and twenty-five dollars; ” and that from August, 1853, to October, 1859, the respondent was entitled to recover the sum of one thousand and eighty-three dollars and thirty-three cents on account of traveling expenses, over and above the sum of two thousand dollars which had been paid him on that account. . This finding of the referee is amply sustained by the evidence in the cause. It is claimed by the counsel for the company that the respondent is estop-ped by his repeated declarations from insisting upon eompen560 sation for his services ; or at all events that he agreed to make no claim of this kind until the affairs of the company were prosperous. There is testimony which tends to show that the respondent stated to various members of the board that he did not expect ,to be paid for his services, or that the officers were not to be paid until the company was prosperous ; but still there was nothing binding in all this, of which concludes him from claiming compensation. He might undoubtedly render gratuitous services to the company, if he saw fit to do so ; but there is no principle of law or morals which compels him to do it. And that he made any agreement which is legally binding, not to insist upon compensation for services rendered, is not established by the evidence. Nor do we think that any portion of this claim was barred by the statute. At most, the statute could only cut off compensation for services rendered between July 1, 1853, and March 29, 1854. But no stated time for the payment of these services was of course agreed upon, and the presumption is they were to be paid for at the expiration of the year. This would show that this entire cause of action accrued within the six years next preceding the commencement of this suit. The conclusion at which we have arrived is, that that part of the judgment of the circuit court confirming the report of the referee as to the second cause of action stated in the complaint must be affirmed, while the judgment in other respects is reversed.