Karber v. Nellis

PAINE, J. This was an action for a trespass in taking down the plaintiff’s fence. The defense was, tbat tbe fence was across a public highway, and tbat tbe defendants removed it under tbe direction of tbe patbmaster of tbe district. The defendants did not attempt to prove tbat a highway bad been legally laid out at the place in question. But they offered evidence tending to show tbat an attempt bad been made to lay out one, at the time when the land was owned by Clinton, from whom the plaintiff purchased it, and tbat Clinton. bad received the sum of $232.00, which was awarded as damages to him for the laying out of the road. In the same connection, proof was offered tending to show tbat the negotiation by the plaintiff for the purchase of the land was pending just before the time when these damages were paid; that it was agreed between the plaintiff and Clinton, tbat if the latter received the amount from the town, it'should be allowed as so much towards the price to be paid by the plaintiff, and tbat it was so allowed. All the evidence concerning any óf the steps taken for laying out the road was objected to, and the defendants’ counsel said it was offered only for the purpose of proving a dedication, and it was admitted by the court, and an exception taken. [218] The court also instructed tbe jury, that if they found “ from the evidence, that Clinton, being in possession and claiming title to the premises in question, assented to the establishment of a public highway on the route in question, and received compensation from the authorities for the land taken for public use, it is evidence proper to go to the jury to establish a dedication of the land to public use.” This instruction, and the admission of the evidence referred to, present the same question, which is the principal question in the case. It is true that a dedication is usually entirely voluntary on the part of the one who makes it, and that no consideration is received for it. "When, therefore, defective proceedings are resorted to for the purpose of laying out a highway, and the owner of the land taken accepts the damages awarded, and thus estops himself from contesting the validity of the highway, there may be some doubt whether this should, strictly speaking, be called a dedication. Yet, although there are some elements in it not usual in dedications, its general character is the same, and the right of the public rests in both cases upon precisely the same principle. This principle is that of an estopped in pais. City of Dubuque v. Maloney, 9 Iowa, 455; Connehan v. Ford, 9 Wis., 244. In the latter case, as in this, there was also a consideration received by the owner for the dedication, and there had likewise been proceedings taken by the town authorities. Upon the authority of that case, there seems to be no objection to the rulings of the court below upon this question, and none to its language in calling this a dedication. Although proceedings are commenced originally against the will of the owner, yet if he sees fit, after they are commenced, to waive all irregularities, and assent to the existence of the road, this may be as good a dedication as though he had done it originally of his own motion. The receipt [219] of tbe consideration shows conclusively that he does waive irregularities, and assent to the existence of the road. It is, of course, not essential to the validity of a dedication. But in cases where there is any doubt about the intentions of the owner, the receipt by him of a consideration for the road shows his acquiescence in it, in the most satisfactory manner. We think, therefore, there was no error in the admission of the evidence, and none in the instruction referred to. The jury would have been warranted in finding that tie town •had paid the plaintiff’s grantor $232 towards the purchase money of his land, as a consideration for having this road. The court might have told them, that if they found that fact, the plaintiff was estopped from denying its validity. And even if it had not been strictly accurate to call this a dedieation, it could have made no difference in the result, whether the court told them that upon these facts they might find a dedication, or that the plaintiff was estopped from denying the existence of the road. The other instructions given seem manifestly correct. Nor can the judgment be reversed because the court “ refused to charge more particularly as to what constituted a private road.” If counsel desire a specific instruction on any particular point, they should draw such instruction and ask the court to give it. A mere request to charge more particularly upon some point, does not present any question for review here. Especially this would be so where, as in this case, the bill of exceptions does not purport to contain the whole charge; so that we cannot know how particularly or how generally the court did charge upon that subject. By the Court. — The judgment is affirmed, with costs.