Hughes & Dill v. Vanstone

Hall, J. Under the lease the defendant did not have to repair the warehouse. Vai v. Weld et al., 17 Mo. [640] 233; Wood on Land. & Ten. sect. 368. It was the duty of Dill, the tenant, to make certain repairs — -“fair and reasonable repairs.” The obligation to do so would have resulted from the relation of landlord and tenant between the defendant aud Dill created by the contract.. In every lease there is, unless excluded by the operation of some -express covenant or agreement, an implied obligation on the part of the lessee to so use the property as not unnecessarily to injure, or,' as is stated by Mr. Cowyen, “to treat the premises demised in such manner that no injury be done to the inheritance, but that the estate may revert to the lessor undeteriorated by the wilful or the negligent conduct of the lessee.” Cow. Land. & Ten. 188. This implied obligation is part of the contract itself, as much so as if incorporated into it by express language. It results from the relation of landlord and tenant between the parties which the contract creates. It is not a covenant to repair generally, but to so use the-property as to avoid the necessity for repairs, as far as possible. United States v. Bostwick, 94 U. S. 66; Wood on Land. & Ten. sect. 368. The express agreement on the part of Dill “to take good care of the premises” added nothing to the obligation of Dill in this respect, which would not, without such agreement, have been implied from the contract; the said agreement simply in express terms created the obligation which-would otherwise have been implied, but such obligation was exactly what it would have been had it been implied and not expressly created ; no more, no less. The obligation was neither enlarged nor diminished. It was-just the same. A tenant, unless the contract otherwise provides, “is merely required to keep the premises in as good repair as he receives them, ordinary wear and tear and accidental injuries excepted. In other words, he is only so bound to so use the premises as not be guilty of voluntary waste. He is not bound to replace an old floor with a new one, or to rebuild a fallen chimney, or to [641] put on a new roof, or to put in new sashes or doors in place of those that are worn out, nor to rebuild or repair premises accidentally destroyed or injured by fire or other cause not resulting from his negligence.” Wood on Land. & Ten., sect. 368. And in the same section it is stated by the author that a tenant is not “called upon to make lasting or substantial repairs, as, to put on a new roof, or make what are called general repairs.” The repairs in proof were not such as the tenant was obliged to make.. Nor did the landlord have to-make them. There was no obligation on either party to> make said repairs. But either party might have employed the other to make the repairs and the doing of the work would have been a sufficient consideration to support a promise to pay therefor. In actions for work and materials furnished a request by the defendant is material to be proved. “But where the act done is beneficial to the other party, whether he was legally bound to have done it or not, his subsequent express promise will be binding, and even his subsequent assent will be sufficient evidence, from which the jury may find a previous request, and he will be bound accordingly.” 2 Green, on Ev., sect. 107; Separate opinion by Wagner, J., in Allen's Adm'x v. Richmond College, 41 Mo. 308. The court improperly submitted the question to the jury as to whether the repairs, the nature and character of which were not in dispute, were such as the plaintiff, Dill, was, under the lease, bound to make. The character of said repairs being admitted, it was a question of law as to whether it was Dill’s duty under the lease to have made them. It was improper to submit the question to the jury, but, inasmuch as the jury correctly decided the question, the error did no harm and the judgment will not be reversed on account of it. Pence v. Langdon, 99 U. S. 580. The instructions, considered abstractly, are not open [642] to objection by the defendant. They are, with the exception just mentioned, in harmony with the views ■'expressed herein. The only ground on which the defendant could object to the instructions is that they were ■unauthorized by the evidence, and on this ground he ■does object. This objection the defendant is in no position to make, because he has not set out the evidence in his abstract of the record. Where the appellant relies upon the failure of proof he must set out the evidence in his abstract, otherwise we will not notice the objection. The abstract of the record is for us the record itself, unless the respondent file a counter abstract, and, except where a counter abstract is thus filed, we do not go to the record itself, but confine ourselves to the abstract filed by the appellant. In this case we cannot say that there was no proof on any question submitted in the instructions, without first examining the evidence, and this we cannot do.without going to the transcript of the ¡record ; this we will not do. We must make every intendment in favor of the action of the circuit court. The abstract of the record failing to show that there was no evidence to support the instructions, we must assume that there was such evidence. And, moreover, so far as the facts stated by the defendant in the abstract of the record support the court’s action, we assume that the facts are as thus stated, because, as< j list stated, we assume, the contrary not appearing, everything necessary to the correctness of the court’s action, and we have the right-to also assume that the defendant would not state facts against his interest unless they were as stated. But any fact, stated in said abstract of therecord, which, if true, would render the court’s action erroneous, must be shown to exist by the record itself or excerpts therefrom set out in the abstract; the statement that the record showed such fact is not sufficient, but the fact must be made to appear from the record set out in the abstract. [643] From the record, so far as it appears in the abstract thereof filed by the defendant, we find no error committed in the trial of the case. Judgment aifirmed. All concur.