Stanley v. Verity

ELLISON, J. This is a bill in equity whereby plaintiff seeks an accounting with defendant and, after paying what is found to be due from him, to cancel a note and deed of trust securing the same. The defendant appealed from the decree of the trial court. It appears that the Missouri Guarantee Savings and Building Association, existing under the building and loan statute, became insolvent and that defendant became the assignee thereof. That some years prior to the insolvency, viz., in 1893, plaintiff became a member of said association and borrowed $700 of it. That he took a certificate of stock as a stockholder and assigned it to the association as security for the loan, and also [635] gave Ms note for the amount of the loan and deed of trust aforesaid, as additional security. The provisions of the loan contract were that plaintiff should make montMy payments as interest and payments on stock, and that he paid these monthly for more than three years and until after the association became insolvent. It is conceded that the loan was made without competitive bids and that under the statute at that time, it was thereby rendered usurious. The only controversy between the parties is whether the monthly payments made by plaintiff as payments on'stock are to be credited on the loan. The trial court held with plaintiff that they should be. 7 We decided in Brown v. Archer, 62 Mo. App. 277, that when a borrowing stockholder comes to settle with his insolvent association he has no right to have his payments on stock credited on his loan, since that would give him an inequitable and unjust advantage over the non-borrowing stockholder. We so decided again in Price v. Loan Ass’n, 75 Mo. App. 551. And the same was held by the St. Louis Court of Appeals in Clark v. Lopp, 80 Mo. App. 542. But plaintiff’s position in the trial court, and here, is that plaintiff was never a stockholder. That he did not understand that he had subscribed for the stock or had become a stockholder. He charges in his petition that the transaction was, in truth and in fact, only a loan of $700 to be paid in monthly installments, and that the defendant corporation fraudulently induced him to execute some fictitious instruments of writing, showing him to be a stockholder and subscriber for stock, which he has sMce learned was a scheme and artifice in attempted evasion of the usury laws of the State, and a fraud in law and equity. There is not only m> evidence whatever to sustain this charge, but the testimony of plaintiff, given in his own behalf, affirmatively shows the contrary. He does not pretend that any fraud or device was brought into [636] play to induce Mm to sign the papers which made him a subscriber for stock. He does say that he only wanted to borrow money and did not intend to become a member ■of the association; and that “there was no claim that I was to be held as a stockholder. ’ ’ But he further stated that the company told him that his rate of payments would pay off the debt in a hundred months and “if the company was successful, much sooner than the hundred months.” He further stated that he expected if the general loans of the company proved to be good and everything went smoothly, that the profits would pay his debt sooner; and that he “expected that the profits the company might receive from other borrowers wouldhelp to pay put his loan.” It was shown by plaintiff’s passbook that he made monthly payments on stock for four years, when he went into what is called a supplemental agreement with the association, in which his being a stockholder is recited. That thereafter he made payments as a stockholder. In short, the undisputed evidence is absolutely conclusive that there was no fraud practiced upon plaintiff and that he knowingly became and knowingly continued to be a member and stockholder of the association for a period of several years and he can not, at this late day, be permitted to- deny it. Griswold v. Seligman, 72 Mo. 110; Fisher v. Seligman, 75 Mo. 14; Sanger v. Upton, 91 U. S. 56; Bank v. Bartlett, 71 Ga. 797. 2. There is, however, included in plaintiff’s petition a charge that though plaintiff did in fact become a stockholder in the association, the contract of membership and stock subscription whereby he became such member and stockholder was a fraud on the usury law of tiie- State and a scheme devised for the purpose of evading such law. We are cited to cases in other States deciding that in order to defeat illegal exactions of interest, under whatever name it may be called, and though the borrower become -a member and stockholder, it could be.shown that he became such member and [637] stockholder in order that he might get the money of the borrower at an illegal rate in evasion of the nsnry law. Fidelity Sav. Bank v. Shea, 55 Pac. (Idaho) 1022; People’s B. & L. v. Keller, 50 S. W. (Texas) 183; Peightal v. Cotton States B. & L., 61 S. W. (Texas) 431; Southern Home B. & L. v. Thompson, 58 S. W. (Texas) 203. Those cases are from States which have not specifically granted immunity from usury laws to such associations. A like holding has been announced in States where such exemption from usury laws has been made; but the ruling is based on the invalidity of the statute granting the exemption ns being in conflict with the peculiar provisions of the Constitution of such States. Henderson B. & L. v. Johnson, 88 Ky. 191; Citizens’ Security Co. v. Uhler, 48 Md. 455. The eases first cited and others of similar import are not applicable in this State-, since our statute specifically exempts building and loan associations ftom the usury law (section 2814, Revised Statutes 1889, section 1364, Revised Statutes 1899), and those last cited are not applicable, since our statute has never been said to be in conflict with the Constitution of this State. Therefore, since our statute itself exempts building and loan contracts with members from the operation and penalties of the usury law, it is manifest that there can, ordinarily, be no such thing as a contract with such company made to evade- that law. Building and loan associations are authorized by statute in most of the States. They are permitted to contract for monthly interest; for monthly payments on stock; for fines and for premium for the privilege of the loan. The interest, premium, etc., most frequently exceeds the lawful rate of interest in ordinary contracts, and though not specifically exempted from the usury law, the great weight of authority refuses to apply that law to- them on the general ground that such ■associations are composed of a mutual membership and when properly conducted are very profitable to the [638] stockholders. Each member, especially each borrowing member, is interested in the profits and successful operation of the company, since such success redounds to his benefit and aids in the liquidation of his debt. The premium and interest he pays really goes to make up a fund of which he is a part owner and the benefit of which he, at last, receives in reduction, if not full payment, of the sum borrowed. There are, however, some courts which refused to allow such exemption and when the interest, premium, etc., amounted to more than the ordinary lawful rate of interest they have declared the contract usurious. Meroney v. Loan Ass ’n, 116 N. C. 882, and cases cited. It thus was made to appear that in the absence of specific statutory exemption, the policy of each State, though legislative in its nature, would depend upon the view which the courts of that State might adopt. In this situation, some of the States, among them Missouri, adopted a statute, like that above cited, which specifically exempts such associations from the usury statute. It is thus seen that the authorities cited from States which have not an exempting statute like ours, are not applicable to a case arising under our law. It follows that the decree was erroneous. It will be reversed, and the cause remanded. All concur.