Lackland v. Lexington Coal Mining Co.

ELLISON, J. — The plaintiff is a coal miner and at the time of the injury of which he complains was in defendant’s employ under the immediate direction of one of its foremen. Plaintiff complains that while at work defendant was negligent in earing for and guarding the roof of the mine and that he was hurt by a rock coming-loose from the roof and falling upon him. The result in the trial court was in plaintiff’s favor. It appears that defendant was mining coal with the aid of an electric machine and that plaintiff was an employee called a “spraggler” and his work- was called “spraggling.” This work consisted of keeping the chain of the machine free from obstruction and of propping up coal that would be loosened by the'machine. While engaged in this work a rock from the roof fell upon him as just stated. It was conceded by plaintiff in the testimony which he gave in his own behalf that, ordinarily, it was his duty (and that of the other employees) to keep a lookout for his safety and that, to that end, he should inspect the condition of the mine’s [639] roof by tapping or sounding; but that in tbe instance which, forms the subject of the present controversy one of his fellow-workmen a short time before the rock fell was examining it with a view of ascertaining its condition of being safe or unsafe, when the foreman in charge informed him that he (the foreman) had just inspected the rock and that it was safe and for him (the workman) to proceed with his labor. Plaintiff heard and saw what has been stated and testified that he relied upon the assurance of the foreman and continued his work also. The plaintiff was supported by other witnesses, and though there may have been contradictory evidence from other sources and inferences drawn in defendant’s behalf from the detail of yet other evidence, yet, since the result was for plaintiff, we must look to the testimony in his behalf in passing upon the verdict found; and we find it to be ample. We do not regard the case of Watson v. Coal Co., 52 Mo. App. 370, as applicable to the facts of this case. It may be better likened to that of Carter v. Baldwin, 81 S. W. 204. The defendant has made several objections to instructions, but we think the criticisms not of sufficient substances to justify a reversal. The last clause of .the first instruction for plaintiff in regard to the duty of an employee contains the expression, “unless the danger was so glaring that no prudent man would have undertaken the same.” It is said that the word “prudent” should have been qualified by the word “reasonably” or “ordinarily.” The instruction is lengthy and we will not set it out; but the objection urged is nullified by the use of words in another part of the instruction, wherein the jury was required to believe that the plaintiff exercised “ordinary care and prudence” in doing the work at the time and place charged. Besides, we believe from the connection with which the objectionable word was used, it would be more likely to have influenced the jury to defendant’s interests than [640] to the plaintiff’s. Other objections were made to the instructions which we deem to be untenable. Objection is made to instruction numbered three concerning plaintiff’s assuming risk of employment, but not the risk of defendant’s negligence. The instruction may properly be termed a general statement of the law on that subject, but we cannot discover any possible way in which it could have worked any harmful result. Objection is also made to plaintiff’s fifth instruction for authorizing damages for future physical and mental pain. Such pain, mental or physical, is an element of damage in this State where the injury is permanent. [Smiley v. Railway, 160 Mo. 629.] A closing remark of Judge Maceaelane in Bradley v. Railway, 138 Mo. 293, was perhaps an inadvertence. But it is said that the instruction leaves the jury unguarded and without limit as to such future damages; so much so that the jurors might go to any limit in conjecture. We are cited to a recent opinion by Judge Bland in Caplin v. St. Louis Transit Co., now pending on motion for rehearing in support of the objection. Judge Bland cites and approves the case of Schwend v. Transit Co., 105 Mo. App. 534, 80 S. W. 40, in St. Louis Court of. Appeals wherein it was held that an instruction autho-» rizing recovery for pain and anguish which the plaintiff “may” suffer in the future is erroneous, on the ground that it allowed mere conjecture and possibilities to be indulged in by the jury in fixing the amount. The instruction in the case' at bar does not leave to the jury to say what this plaintiff may suffer, for it uses a more restrictive word; the language being that the jury “may take into consideration the physical and mental pain and suffering, if any, that they may believe that he will suffer in the future, ” etc. So worded, the case is clearly distinguishable from those in the St. Louis Court of Appeals, and the instruction is sup [641] ported by Chilton v. St. Joseph, 143 Mo. 192, and Bigelow v. Railway, 48 Mo. App. 367. We regard the instructions for both parties, as a series, as putting the case to the jury in a plain and satisfactory way, and we do not believe'they could have caused any misunderstanding by the jury; nor that they, as a whole, failed to put before the jury everything necessary to a proper consideration of the case. Dr. Tucker was called to see plaintiff after he was injured. He was asked by defendant’s counsel to “state to the jury what he found.” The trial court sustained plaintiff’s objection to the question. Defendant then offered to prove by the doctor that he “examined Mr. Lackland on January 24, 1903, shortly after the accident occurred; that he found no serious injury; that the outer portion of the left leg midway between the thigh and knee was considerably bruised and that in his opinion the patient would be able to resume work within ten days or two weeks; that he had made no complaint whatever of hernia or anything else than as stated. The offer was properly refused on plaintiff’s objection. See opinion of Goode, J., in Haworth v. Railway, 94 Mo. App. 215, 225, and authorities there cited. Also, opinion of this court in Smart v. Kansas City, 91 Mo. App. 595. One of the grounds of the motion for new trial was that of newly-discovered evidence, In the matter of new trials much is left to the discretion of the trial court. The opportunity for correct judgment is better with that tribunal. We do not think a showing has been made of an abuse of discretion, or that justice would be subserved by reversing the judgment for that cause. We will affirm the judgment. All concur.