People's Savings Bank v. Hoppe

ELLISON, J. August Hoppe died intestate in the State of Florida in February, 1904, leaving several children as his heirs. Two of these, defendants Fred and Louis, figure in this controversy.. There was administration of the estate in Florida and deceased having eight thousand dollars in this State, the defendant Schmitz was appointed administrator of the estate here — 454 — and took charge of the money. Defendant Fred owed tA\ro notes to the plaintiff bank, one for a balance of about $400 and the other for $700, each Avith interest. Fred Avas a non-resident of this State. Plaintiff brought this action, in equity, wherein It asked for judgment against defendant Fred for the amount of the notes, and that defendant administrator be restrained from paying to Fred any part of the money in his hands as administrator of the estate, “and for all such other judgments and decrees as may be right and proper in the premises.” Plaintiff also sued out an attachment in aid. The trial court found that defendant Schmitz had $1,000 in his hands as administrator and that it could be paid by him to plaintiff without any prejudice Avhatever, and that the deceased left no debts; and rendered a decree against Fred for $1,551.65, “to be paid out of the money in the hands of defendant Schmitz to the amount of one thousand dollars.” And “that plaintiff recover of the defendant. Schmitz the sum of one thousand dollars and costs of suit and that the same Avhen collected be applied on the judgment of plaintiff herein against Fred H. Hoppe and that plaintiff have execution therefor.” The defendant Schmitz appealed to this court. With the exception of the introduction of the notes in eAddence, the entire case was tried on the pleadings. The defendant Fred was served by order of publication but did not- make an appearance. Defendant Schmitz was summoned as garnishee; so it may be said that he occupies a double relation to the case, and he filed two ansAvers, one as defendant and the other as garnishee, though there were no interrogatories filed. Each of the answers was under oath. As the answers were sworn to defendant contends that the notes should not have been admitted in evidence Avithout proof of their execution. We think the point not well taken. The denial of execution under — 455 — oath which makes necessary for the plaintiff to prove such execution, is the denial and oath of the maker. The statute reads that the note “shall be adjudged confessed unless the party charged to have executed the same deny the execution thereof.” [Sec. 746, R. S. 1899.] The object in introducing the notes was to establish the indebtedness against the defendant Fred Hoppe so as to form a base for proceeding' against the defendant Schmitz. As there were no interrogatories filed, and as defendant Fred did not appear, we have to determine the case from the petition, the defendant Schmitz’s answers and the replies thereto. It was alleged in the petition that the notes were executed by Fred; that he was the son and one of the heirs of August Hoppe who died in Florida leaving an estate of which Fred was entitled to one-fifth; that deceased left in Livingston county, Missouri, eight thousand dollars and that he did not ■owe any debts; that defendant Schmitz had been appointed administrator in Livingston county; that defendant Fred was a non-resident and was either insolvent or had concealed his property so as to hinder and delay his creditors; and that unless his interest in his father’s estate in the hands of Schmitz as administrator, be subjected to the payment of debts, creditors would lose their claims. The answer of Schmitz as garnishee (no interrogatories being filed as already stated) was, 1st, That at the time he was summoned as garnishee he did not owe defendant Fred anything, nor did he have anything of his in his hands or under his control. 2nd, That he was summoned as garnishee as administrator prior to an order for final distribution, or for payment of legacies, or the allowance of a demand. 3rd, That the estate was in course of administration by garnishee, which administration was only ancillary, the domicile of deceased at his death being in Florida and the — 456 — probate court of Livingston county had no authority to order distribution here, said estate being only subject to administration in Florida, 4th, That the circuit court in Livingston county has no jurisdiction over the estate or the garnishee. 5th and 6th, That defendant Fred has no interest in the estate and ■ did not have at time garnishment was served. That on February 3rd, 1904, he had assigned in writing all his interest in the estate to his brother Louis. That notice of such assignment had been served on him prior to the garnishment- herein; and that he has paid thereon practically-all the money due thereon from the estate. 7th, That under the laws of Florida the widow and children of the deceased were entitled to the estate, except Fred, who has assigned his portion. 8th, That garnishee is not subject to garnishment, nor has the court jurisdiction for the reason that there is no sum due Fred, and if there was it would be due and payable in Florida. 9th, That plaintiff cannot maintain the action as it has a complete remedy at law. l'Oth, That under section 254, Revised Statutes 1899, whatever estate deceased left in Missouri should descend and be distributed according to the laws of Florida, and that under the laAvs of the latter State an administrator was not subject to garnishment; and that under section 255, Revised Statutes 1899, the probate court has the exclusive jurisdiction to determine how the estate shall be disposed of. The answer of defendant Schmitz as administrator, was a general denial; and that August Hoppe had at his death $8,000 on deposit in the First National Bank of Chillicothe; that- he- was duly appointed as administrator and that he took charge of such money. The remainder of the answer is, in substance, the same as he made as garnishee. The plaintiff’s reply to defendant’s answer as garnishee, admits that August Hoppe died in Florida Avhile — 457 — residing there; and that the heirs are non-residents. It admits that at his death he had $8,000 on deposit; that defendant is administrator and has taken charge of the deposit. It is then alleged that Fred has an interest in the funds in the hands of defendant to the amount of $2,000, and denies that any part of it was paid to Louis as assignee of Fred. It denies that Fred ever made an assignment to Louis. It then alleges that defendant knew that Fred was dishonest and insolvent and was endeavoring to cheat his creditors, “and if he has paid” Fred’s interest to Louis he did so without an order of the probate court and with the design to aid Fred in cheating his creditors. It then alleges that Louis knew that Fred was dishonest and was trying to defraud his creditors, “and if said Louis” has any written assignment, it is fraudulent and without consideration, and was accepted with intent to aid Fred in his dishonest purpose. Plaintiff’s reply to the answer of defendant Schmitz as administrator was practically the same as the reply to the answer as garnishee. • The answer of defendant Schmitz as garnishee may be put aside since there were no interrogatories to which such answer could find application. However, as we have already stated, the answer which he filed as administrator was practically the same thing. The petition, the answer as administrator and the reply present everything discussed by. counsel' and these pleadings must of themselves support the judgment, else it cannot stand. The judgment or decree entered in plaintiff’s favor is not a decree enjoining defendant from paying Fred any money, as was affirmatively prayed in plaintiff’s petition. But under the general prayer for further relief, the judgment is that $1,000, be paid absolutely out of the funds in the hands of the administrator. We do not think it can find support within recognized rules of law, unless it be in — 458 — circumstances to which, we refer further on. The title to personalty left by a deceased is in the administrator •and until there has been a proper ascertainment that there is a surplus after paying debts and costs of administration, .the heir is not entitled to any part of it. If w.e leave out of view a principal administration in Florida, as not being proved or admitted, and confine ■ourselves to the administration in this State, it does not appear that there was ever an order of distribution of the personal estate. In short, there is nothing to ■show that the administrator owes the principal debtor. In garnishment that fact must be made to appear. The garnishee may interpose any defense against the plaintiff that he could against the defendant if the latter had sued him. [Drake on Attachment, sec. 672; Shinn ■on Attachment, sec. 487.] Is it not clear that if defendant Fred had brought an action against the defendant administrator, showing no more than is here admitted, he would have failed? It is true that the present procedure is what is known as equitable garnishment. [Pendleton v. Perkins, 49 Mo. 565; Stratton v. Ham, 8 Ind. 84; Riggin v. Hilliard, 56 Ark. 476.] “But in equitable garnishment, as in legal process having a similar object in view, nothing more can be accomplished against the debtor ■of the defendant than in a direct suit against the former by the latter. The method used to reach the funds in the garnishee’s hands cannot alter his status, nor enlarge or vary the grounds of his defense. [Karnes v. Pritchard, 36 Mo. 135; Firebaugh v. Stone, 36 Mo. 111; McPherson v. Railroad, 66 Mo. 103.] ‘As the attaching creditor can hold the garnishee only to the extent of the defendant’s claim against the garnishee, and can acquire no rights against the latter, except such as the ■defendant had; and, as he is not permitted to place the garnishee in any worse condition than he would be in if sued by the defendant, it follows necessarily that, — 459 — whatever defense the garnishee could urge against an action by the defendant for the debt in respect of which he is garnished, he may set up in bar of a judgment against him as garnishee.’ ” [Johnson v. Publishing Co., 122 Mo. 102.] The matter of the interest of defendant Fred Hoppe is not only not here terminated so as to put title in him to the money, bnt it is not known that he will ever have an interest. [Stevenson v. McFarland, 162 Mo. 159.] There are instances where there has been what is known as a domestic partition, without the interposition of an administrator, where no debts existed, and there was no hindrance to a distribution, and the title had been recognized in the heir. [Richardson v. Cole, 160 Mo. 372; McCracken v. McCaslin, 50 Mo. App. 85; McDowell v. Orphan School, 87 Mo. App. 386.] Bnt there is nothing in this record to justify such disposition of the present case. It is alleged in the petition that no debts exist against the estate and that the administrator could safely pay the amount of the judgment as being Fred’s distributive share of the estate, but thére is no evidence on that head, nor any attempt to bring the case within the reason of those just cited. But in this connection the administrator’s answer has an important bearing. He there admits defendant Fred’s title and right to the immediate control thereof, by alleging that Fred had assigned his distributive share to Louis and that he had paid the latter under the assignment before notice of these proceedings. He thereby concedes that nothing stands in the way of Fred’s title and right to his distributive share, save his having made an assignment of it. So if Fred has not made a valid assignment, then, under the particular situation of this case, plaintiff would be entitled to a judgment such as he obtained in the trial court. The matter of the validity of the assignment, that is, whether it was without consideration, or made in fraud — 460 — of creditors, should he tried, and if found to be fraudulent and that defendant knew of it as charged, plaintiff is entitled to judgment. In this connection there is controversy between the parties as to the effect of the pleadings. Defendant claims that his allegations as to the assignment which he makes to his answer are confessed by plaintiff’s reply. He relies upon the proposition .that one. cannot deny and confess and avoid as to the same transaction. [State ex inf. v. Delmar Jockey Club, 200 Mo. 65.] “A plea of general denial does not raise an issue where it is followed by a special plea of confession and avoidance.” [Price v. Mining Co., 83 Mo. App. 474.] “A party cannot traverse and at the same time confess and avoid the same allegation.” [Bank v. Stone, 93 Mo. App. 294.] But plaintiff is not in that predicament. The pleading here, as has already been stated, is not an admission or confession of the assignment. The assignment is denied, and then it is alleged that “if” there is an assignment in existence it was designed and intended as a fraud on creditors. We do not consider this to be an admission. The rule stated in the cases last cited is no more than that inconsistent pleas must not be made to the same transaction. But the inconsistency should amount to incompatibility. Thus you may deny the execution of a note and plead that you paid it. For, though forged or obtained by fraud, you may still have paid it. [Nelson v. Brodhack, 44 Mo. 596.] We are not unmindful of the suggestion which may be made that since plaintiff has set up a special cause why there was no assignment, he should be held to prove that cause; and, therefore, since there was no evidence on the subject the assignment must stand admitted. That suggestion would be well' made were it not that plaintiff by the general denial denies that there — 461 — was an assignment, this, as we have seen, not being incompatible with the further plea that “if” there was an assignment, it was fraudulent and void. So we think that the general denial put the onus on defendant to prove that there was, in form at least, an assignment, and then the burden would be shifted to plaintiff to show that it was fraudulent. There is no reason why the order of proof would not be as in that of an action on a note where there was a denial of the note and a plea of payment. The burden would first be on the plaintiff to prove the note and then would shift to the defendant to prove that it had been paid. The judgment should be reversed and the cause remanded. All concur.