Stover v. City of Springfield

COX, J. Action by certain property owners to cancel special taxbills issued to defendant Plummer as contractor in payment for the construction of a district sewer in the city of Springfield. The defendants in their answer alleged compliance with the law and ordinances of the city and asked for a foreclosure of the lien of the taxbills issued against the property of the plaintiffs. The trial court found for the defendants except that he reduced the amount of each bill — 335 — ten per cent and then ordered foreclosure for the .remainder of the taxbills. Plaintiffs have appealed. The questions upon which plaintiffs rely for a reversal of the judgment are: First: That the contract for putting in the sewer was let at a price in excess of the preliminary estimate of the city engineer. Second: That material changes were made in the construction of the sewer after the contract was let., by the addition of laterals not called for in the contract and by omitting other parts that were called for in the contract. Third: That there was a change of grade after the contract was made. Fourth: That there was a double charge for excavating by charging for both dirt and rock in the same part of the ditch. Fifth: That the court erred in excluding certain testimony offered by the plaintiffs. As to the first point, we do not think the contention is sustained by the testimony. The estimate of the engineer itemized the work and the cost. He estimated that it would require 1705 lineal feet of eight inch pipe including Ys, branches and joints, two lamp holes, two flush tanks, four manholes, etc. The excavation was classified and a separate estimate put upon all excavations including back filling; six feet and under eight feet being in one class; eight feet and under ten feet in another; ten feet and under twelve feet in another; twelve feet and under fourteen feet in another; fourteen feet and under sixteen feet in another; sixteen feet and under eighteen feet in another; and on each of these a separate estimate was made. There was an estimate of 2800 lineal feet for a rock trench and 3400 lineal feet of flint excavation. These with some other items all of which were specified made a total of $3189.15. The contract also specified same items and was at a less price for each item than the estimate of the engi — 336 — neer. There was also a provision in the contract that extra work should be done according to the engineer’s estimate and if this made an increase in the amount of work, it should be paid for according to the quantity actually’ done and at the price stipulated in' the contract. ' • The basis for the contention that the contract price exceeded the estimate of the engineer is not based upon the fact that the contract was let at a higher price on any item of the contract but is based upon the fact that after the work was completed and the work actually done was computed that by the addition of laterals, the length of the ditch was increased and also that the amount of flint excavation was increased over the estimate; and that being true, the total cost, instead of being as estimated $3189.15, amounted to $4247.35. In the very nature of things it was impossible for the, engineer to ascertain before the ditch was actually dug how much flint and how much rock would be encountered in excavating the ditch, and for that réason, the parties could not understand that his estimate as to thé total cost should control over the estimate as’ per the items making up the total expenditure and as the contract was let at a price below the estimate on each item and, all the items going to make up the total having been specified, it would certainly be unreasonable to hold that because the engineer underestimated the amount of rock and flint to be found under the ground that the contractor could not recover for the work actually done. We are cited by appellants’ counsel to the case of G-ratz v. City of Kirkwood,. 165 Mo. App. 196, 145 S. W. 874, decided by the St. Louis Court of Appeals as authority for the- position that the contract or the total: amount of the taxbills could not exceed themstimate of the engineer as to the .total cost of the construction óf the: sewer, but a careful examination of that, case will show‘that instead, of; being an authority for that position, it is authority for. the position that the — 337 — estimate- of the total-cost does not control over the items when the items are specified and onr holding in this case that the evidence does not show the contract to be in excess of the estimate is in harmony with the Gfratz ease. , The second contention is that material changes were made after the contract was let, by shortening one of the ditches called for in the contract and by adding laterals at other places not called for in the contract. The evidence shows that this was done and that by doing so, the total length of the ditches dug and pipes laid was greater than that stated in the engineer’s preliminary estimate. But we do not think under the evidence in this case that these changes were fatal to the validity of the taxbills. It is the duty of the city in constructing any district sewer to place it in such a way that it will accommodate the property owners of the district. In this case,, an abstract of title was procured for the purpose of determining who the owners were and size of the lots and their location in order that the sewer might be so placed as to meet the demand for service from all the lots. It developed that some mistakes had been made in the abstracts and that when they went to do the work it became necessary to add some laterals in order to reach some parts of the district and it also was found unnecessary to dig one of the. ditches the full length estimated by the engineer. The addition of the laterals was necessary in order to furnish proper, drainage for the entire district and one ditch was shortened because it was found to be unnecessary to dig it as long as estimated and since the basis of this contract was the items of work, we think it was entirely right and proper for these changes to have been made and was in fact the duty of the city to make them so that the district could be properly accommodated and without unnecessary cost. — 338 — It also appears that there were some changes in the grade of the main pipe and it is now contended that this vitiated the contract and taxbills. The evidence shows that this change lessened the cost without in any way impairing the service to be gendered the residents. These property owners, therefore, were benefited by the change rather than injured and since it did not increase but lessened the amount of the contract, it was not fatal and they cannot complain. •It is next contended that plaintiffs offered to show that one lot about 50 by 100 feet lying within the district had been omitted in computing the area of the district and that bv reason thereof, the cost to these plaintiffs had been increased to that extent. When this offer was made the court excluded it upon objection of defendant. Afterward, however,'the same testimony was admitted without objection and it was further shown that certain other territory not lying in the district was included in computing the area so that the area as computed was not less than the actual area and the charge against the plaintiffs’ property was not thereby increased. The testimony was competent and should have been admitted but since it is shown that the area of the district as computed by the engineer was not less than the actual area, plaintiffs were not injured by this omission and cannot now complain. Plaintiffs also offered to prove that since the trial had begun, parties had made excavations of the ditch at certain points and that at the points at which these excavations were made, the side walls of the ditch showed that there was at these points but a small proportion of flint excavation. This testimony was excluded. We think the exclusion of this testimony was error. It ought to have been admitted and have gone to the jury or the court sitting as a jury for what it was worth. But if this testimony had been admitted, the trier of the facts might- still have found that there was no mistake in the totals returned as flint excavation for — 339 — there was no offer to show that the same formation was present in other parts of the ditch and the amount of the ditch reopened was so small as compared with the entire ditch that to reverse this judgment on account of this error would not be justified because the change that would have been made by this testimony, had it been admitted, would have been so small as to have been unworthy the serious consideration of this court. As to the contention that there was a double charge for both dirt and rock on that portion of the ditch in which rock was found a very close question is presented which rests largely upon a construction of the contract itself. The items for excavating as stated in the contract run in the following form: “The price per lineal foot for all excavation and back filling: six feet or over and under eight feet, $.30; . . . eight feet or over and under ten feet, $.25; . . . ten feet or over and under twelve feet, $.40; . . . twelve feet or over and under fourteen feet, $.45; . . . sixteen feet or over and under eighteen feet, $.60; price per lineal foot for rock trench per foot in depth, $.25. ’ ’ The testimony showed that in sewer contracts similar to this it had been the uniform practice for years in counting the cost of excavation to count it at the price mentioned the entire depth of the ditch and then if there was rock in the ditch to add that to it and that was done in this case and one of the items making up the total charges in this case is 1000 lineal feet of rock trench at $.25 per lineal foot, $250. The evidence also showed that rock was found at the bottom of the ditch but at what sections, or how deep the excavations were at places where the rock was found, does not appear, but in any event the most shallow excavation anywhere was in the class of six feet or over and under eight feet, and for that class $.30 per lineal foot was charged so that if in that section the dirt was five feet thick and then one foot of rock was to be excavated below the dirt and we should compute the five feet of dirt at the dirt price, we would — 340 — find that the contractor was excavating dirt five feet deep at $.30 per lineal foot and then taking ont rock below this dirt at $.25 a lineal foot.- If the rock were found in tbe bottom of the ditch thát was sixteen feet deep we would find the contractor getting $.60 a lineal foot for excavating dirt to the depth of fifteen feet, and then' only $.25 a foot for excavating rock below that depth. So it is easy to see from a consideration of these items that it was not the intention of the parties to charge less for excavating rock at the bottom of the ditch than for excavating dirt near the top of the ditch. If this were all there were in the contract on this question, it would seem clear that the parties intended that ’the general excavation which varied in parts according to the depth of the ditch should extend to the bottom of the ditch and if rock was encountered, the price per lineal foot for rock of $.25 should be added-to the general price for excavating. There is. however, the following provision in the contract: “Only such ledge rock, limestone as requires blasting for removal shall be estimated as rock excavation and will be paid for by the lineal foot, depth of earth excavation to cease where rock excavation begins. Well-defined ledges of flint will be paid for at one-half the price of rock excavation.” (The italics are ours.) The words “depth of earth excavation to cease where rock excavation begins” are held by appellants to preclude any construction of the contract which would allow the extra price for rock of $.25 to be added to- the general price which is gauged according to the depth of the ditch. It is a well-settled rule of construction, of contracts that the entire contract including, .all its provisions must be construed together and-when this, is done, if its terms are clear and unequivocal, then it is the duty of the court to declare -as a matter of law what the contract means and give it its proper construction; but.if it is not clear, then oral testimony may be resorted to, to show the condition of the matter about — 341 — which, the contract is made and if there has been a construction placed upon it by the parties themselves, that may be used to aid in determining what the parties really meant by the language used in the contract to be construed. In this case, it is shown that the rock was at the bottom' of the ditch as it would be supposed to be in all ditches and it is apparent that neither the city nor the contractor expected that he would blast and excavate rock at the bottom of the ditch for a less price than he would throw out dirt near the top of the ditch which could be handled with a pick and shovel and could be excavated faster and cheaper than the rock at the bottom of the ditch could be excavated. ■ • . In view of this situation we are of the opinion that it was competent to show by oral, testimony .the practice in vogue in the city of Springfield to allow the $.25 per lineal foot for rock excavation in addition to the amount which would have been charged had the dirt extended to the bottom and as the evidence clearly shows that to have been the practice for years prior to the execution of this contract and the city engineer having recognized it and reported it in that way in his computation of the cost of the sewer, the trial court ,was entirely right in making the computation upon that basis. In making a contract of this character, both the city and the' contractor ought to be careful to see that the contract should express in language too plear to be misunderstood exactly what the parties intend, but after the contract has been executed, the work honestly performed and the question arises in the court as to what compensation the contractor may recover, we must apply a reasonable and common sense rule, to the construction .of the contract with the end in view of trying to ascertain in a fair-and jiist manner what the parties really meant when-., the ¡ contract was executed. , ’ ■ Some contention is made here also that even if the taxbills are held to be valid, the amount of.recovery — 342 — should be materially reduced for the reason that fifteen per cent was allowed upon the face of the taxbills because the bills had not been paid within six months as provided by the statute. The judgment in this case does not provide the rate of interest which the judgment shall bear, hence the judgment will bear but six per cent from the date of its rendition and can only bear interest at that rate. Boonville ex rel. v. Stephens, 238 Mo. 339, 141 S. W. 1111. We think the trial court was right in computing interest at fifteen per cent to the date of the judgment and as the judgment itself will bear but six per cent from date of its rendition, no error was committed in that particular. Judgment affirmed. Gray, J., concurs; Nixon, P. J., dissents.