Dibell v. People ex rel. Brinkerhoff

Christiancy, J. The only question in this case is whether, upon proceedings in the nature of forcible entry and detainer, when had before a justice of the peace, the costs are limited to ten dollars, as provided by section 127 (as amended by act of 1863, Sess. L., pp. 334, 335) of the general justice’s act, Chap. 117 Comp. L., entitled “Of courts held by justices of the peace.” This chapter fixes and regulates what may properly be called the general jurisdiction of justice’s courts, but gives no jurisdiction over special proceedings on complaint for forcible entry and detainer, or for the recovery of possession of land by a landlord against his tenant, as to both of which jurisdiction had long before been - given to other officers — Circuit Court Commissioners and Judges of the Circuit Court for the county — by Chap. 123, Rev. Stat. of 1846 (Comp. L., Chap. 150). And nearly all the proceedings in this class of cases are special and peculiar, and all are regulated by this latter chapter, and amendments thereto since made; and all the changes and modifications made in [374] such proceeding, since as well as before tbe passage of tbe general justice’s act (of 1855) above alluded to, have been made by amendments to this chapter 150; none by amendments of the justice’s act. This is clearly shown by reference to the amendatory acts. — Laws of 1861, pp. 465 to 467; Laws of 1867, pp. 88 and 89.; id., pp. 130, 131; Laws of 1869, pp. 197, 198. These respective amendments, from the time they severally took effect, became a part of this chapter 150 “Of forcible entries and detainers,” and are to have the same effect as if originally contained therein, and in no respect do they modify or amend the provisions of the general justice’s act. — Chap. 117, Comp. L. This latter act, like the general act in reference to justices’ courts in the revision of 1846, gives no jurisdiction to justices of the peace over special proceedings of this kind, nor does it make any provision with reference to any such special proceedings, nor do any of the amendments since made, to the justice’s act. And we think it quite clear that section 127 of this justice’s act, limiting costs in justices’ courts, has no reference to costs in these special proceedings. This limitation applies only to cases of which justices had jurisdiction under that act, or of which they might have jurisdiction by way of amendment to that act. The first act which conferred upon a. justice of the peace power to try a complaint in the nature of a forcible entry and detainer, was the act of 1861, above cited (Secs. 3 and 13), and this was done not by changing in any respect the jurisdiction given to justices’ courts by the gen-eral justice’s act (Chap. 117), but by amending Chap. 150 Comp. L., in reference to “forcible entries and detainers,” by simply inserting “ Justices of the peace,” after “ Circuit Court Commissioner and Judge of the Circuit Court;” and this to have, effect only in townships where no Circuit Court [375] Commissioner held an office, — not conferring any new power upon the justices’ courts provided for in the general justice’s act, but a special power upon a justice in certain townships, in all respects as distinct from the general powers of justices!' courts,, as the same power undertaken to be conferred upon a notary public by section 4 of the act of 1851 (Comp. L., Sec. 3984), and by the act of 1867 (p. 88), the same power was conferred upon the Recorder of the city of Detroit. It is therefore very clear that when a justice of the peace proceeds to try one of these special proceedings, he derives all his power to do so from — and must in all respects be governed by — chapter 150 and the acts amendatory thereof, and that he cannot invoke, nor is he bound by, any of the provisions of chapter 117, except so far as chapter 150 or its amendments may have- adopted certain proceedings of the former as substantially a part of the latter. Chap. 150, Comp. L., as it originally stood in the revision of 1846, referred to and adopted in substance certain provisions of the general justice’s act contained in that revision, and some of the language in Chap. 150, Comp. L., is broad enough to apply to the provisions of the present justice’s act of 1855. Thus by sections 10 and 18 of chapter 150, the provisions- of the present justice’s act must be held to- regulate the mode of collecting the- costs, but not to fix their amount, as that was left unlimited in this proceéding under this chapter (see Secs. 9 and 18), and, of course, to be regulated by the general provisions of the revision of 1846, in reference to costs, and the fees of officers, witnesses anjurors; while at the same time and by the same revision of 1846, the costs to be recovered in a justice’s court were limited to five dollars. — Sec. 96, Chap. 93, Rev. Stat. 1846. We need not here determine whether the justice in this proceeding could claim or receive any costs not provided for by the act of March 3, 1863 (Sess. Laws, pp. 97 and 98), [376] declaring that “no justice of the peace shall receive any other fees or compensation for any services rendered in any civil cause than is therein provided; ” nor whether this act applies at all to the costs in such special proceeding when had before a justice, since it does not appear by this record that he has charged any greater or other fees than is therein provided. It simply appears from the record that “costs” were taxed in the judgment to the amount of forty-four dollars and eighty-six cents. But how much of this, or whether any of it was for justice’s fees, or how much for the fees of other officers or for witnesses, does not appear. But I am inclined to think this act of 1863 does not apply to the fees of the. justice in these special proceedings, especially since the act of 1868, p. 89, which would give the same fees to the .justice as are given to the commissioner. This act of 1863 is an amendment to chapter 150 of Revised Statutes of 1846 (Comp. L., ch. 175). In both the- revision and the Compiled Laws, that section is entitled “ Of fees of justices of the peace in civil cases.” And it is very certain that as it originally stood it had no reference to fees in special proceedings of this kind, of which no justice then had jurisdiction. It is equally clear that section 7 of the same chapter did provide for the fees of the Circuit Court Commissioner in such cases, and by anotheramendatory act (to the same section) passed at the same session (Laws of 1863, pp. 408 to 411), such fees of the Commissioner are more fully specified and regulated. These provisions and those providing for the fees of executive officers, jurors and witnesses in the same chapter (175 Comp. L.), and the general provisions in reference to costs in the preceding chapter, with the amendments, still continue, as I think, to govern' the costs to be recovered in these special proceedings, and they are not, I think, otherwise limited. See especially Sec. 3, sub. 1, of Chap. 174 Comp. L. [377] We think the conclusion, at which we have arrived is in no respect inconsistent with the provisions in reference to appeal, in the original Chapter 150 (Comp. L.), Sec. 25, or the amendments of the same in 1861, upon which the defendant in error specially relies. These refer to the manner of perfecting an appeal, which is to be the same as in the cases of appeals from justices’ courts. In both cases alike' the appellant must pay the costs to entitle him to the appeal; but in the one class of cases the amount of the costs is limited by section 137 of the justice’s act; in the other they are not thus limited. The judgment of the Circuit Court for the County of Hillsdale, awarding a mandamus against the justice (plaintiff in error), must be reversed, and he must recover his costs against the relator. The other Justices concurred.