State ex rel. Heinze v. District Court of the Second Judicial District

MR. CHIEF JUSTICE BRANTLY delivered the opinion of the court. On March 30, 1901, F. Augustus Heinze and the Johnstown Mining Company brought an action in the district court of Silver Bow county against the Boston & Montana Consolidated Copper & Silver Mining Company to quiet title to- the Minnie Healy quartz lode. The controversy grows out of conflicting claim’s between the parties to certain ore bodies lying beneath ■the surface of the Piccolo' and Gambetta claims, owned by the defendant, and lying north of the Minnie Healy claim, to which plaintiffs assert title. — 107 — The complaint alleges that a certain vein, which has its apex • within the surface of the Minnie ITealy claim, and is so situated with reference to- its end lines as to1 give the plaintiffs title to exterior portions thereof, dips to'the north, and passes into the claims of the defendant. The situation of the claims and the contentions of the parties will be understood by reference to the statement of facts and the accompanying diagram in State ex rel. Heinze v. District Court, 26 Mont. 416, 68 Pac. 794, 946. It will not be necessary to restate the facts here. The action out. of which that controversy grew was brought on the same day as the action out of which the present controversy arises, the latter being numbered on the district court calendar as cause Nó. 9,159 and the former as cause No. 9,161. Why both actions were brought is not apparent, as the issues presented by them! seem to be substantially identical. T'o the complaint filed in this cause, after some1 amendments, a demurrer was interposed, and the matter now stands upon the issue of law thus presented. After the review of the order by this court in cause 9,161 in State ex rel. Heinze v. District Court, supra, that cause was, for some reason, dismissed, and the order of survey therein made became inoperative. On August 24, 1903, the defendant* applied to the district court in cause 9,159 for an order permitting it to inspect and survey the underground workings in the Minnie ITealy claim, and after a hearing thereon the court granted the order, directing that the defendant, through its agents, be permitted during ten days to inspect and- survey all openings in the claim, extending toward or into the Piccolo and Gambetta claims, and all other openings therein, except certain ones extending to the south and into the Snohomish and Tramway claims, and after the expiration of ten days to- make- weekly inspection thereof until a hearing of the cause could be had. The order further provides and directs that the plaintiffs shall permit the agents of the defendant ingress into and egress from the workings through their shaft in the Minnie Healy claim, and shall lower and raise them into- and from the mine at rea — 108 — sonable times. The order omits to provide any payment to the plaintiffs for the necessary use of their hoisting machinery from time to time as it is used for the benefit of the defendant. The plaintiffs have applied to this court for an order under its supervisory power setting’ aside the order of the district court as not justified by the facts. The objections urged are: (1) That the evidence shows that there was no necessity for the order, in that it appears from the record that the defendant already has knowledge of the physical facts and conditions necessary to its defense; (2) that the physical facts and conditions of which defendant seeks knowledge are apart, from the matters in controversy in the action, in that the vein in dispute is particularly described in the complaint as passing out of the Minnie ITealy on its clip, at the 300-foot level, and that the workings below that level are upon veins not in controversy in the action; (3) that the order is violative of the rights of the plaintiffs in requiring the plaintiffs to furnish to the defendant’s agents, the use of the machinery and appliances upon the Minnie ITealy claim for the purposes of the survey and inspection; and (4) that the order violates the plaintiffs’ constitutional rights. As to the plaintiffs’ first and second objections, it is sufficient to say that the propriety of making an order of survey and inspection rests in the discretion of the district court, and that this court will not revise the action of that court, except when it is made manifest that this discretion has been abused. Wo have examined with care the somewhat voluminous record presented upon the application, and are unable to say that the court erred in granting the order, or in extending it so as to cover all the workings in the Minnie ITealy claim, even though it be admitted that the defendant has some knowledge of them. It appears from the evidence that work is being conducted in the claim, and that development is constantly taking place. Openings made are timbered, so that they may not afterwards be examined without difficulty and expense. Some of them are filled with waste from time to time, and the facts and conditions shown by them thus escape attention. This condition of things — 109 — has existed sine© the dismissal of cause No. 9,161, since which time the defendant has not been able to make weekly inspections authorized under it. Furthermore, it appears from the evidence that the initial points from which surveys of the underground workings are made shift their position from, time to time because of movements in the earth, or are destroyed by mining operations; and that it is impossible to take up. a survey after it has been discontinued for some length of time;, and make the openings which have been made in the workings in the meantime appear as extensions of any former survey with any degree of accuracy. In, order to make a, complete survey, it is, necessary to review such former survey, in order to determine with any degree of accuracy the relative positions of the new openings made; hence the district court was not in error in permitting a resurvey of all the workings, although such survey had already been made under the former order. It certainly was within the discretion of the court, under the former holding of this court, to permit, weekly inspections of the work of development in progress. It does not necessarily follow, because some of the plaintiffs’ witnesses testify that the vein in controversy passes out of the Minnie Ilealy ground at the 300-foot level, and is wholly disconnected from other veins in the Minnie Ilealy ground, that-the defendant should not be permitted to. examine such workings, and determine for itself whether or not these conditions actually exist. It is not bound to assume that the vein in controversy passes out of the Minnie Ilealy ground at the 300-foot level simply because plaintiffs’ witnesses testify so; nor is it bound to assume that this vein is not connected with other veins in the Minnie Ilealy ground; nor is it bound to assume from, this testimony that the workings within the Minnie Ilealy surface below the 300-foot level are not connected by workings extending northward into» defendant’s, ground with the ore bodies in controversy, it appearing that there are extensive workings below that level. Doubtless the court, took into consideration the fact that it is. impossible to know the extent and significance — 110 — of openings which are several hundred feet under tbe surface of tbe eartb without a .personal inspection of them. However tbis may be, in cause No. 9,161, involving almost identically tbe same issues as tbe present controversy involves, tbis court affirmed the order of tbe district court permitting an examination of all tbe workings in tbe Minnie Healy claim, excluding those which, extend southward into tbe Snohomish and Tramway claims. Hnder the views expressed in that case, with the facts before it which are embodied in thei record upon this application, the district court was justified in, mailing the order applicable to all the workings in tbe Minnie. Healy claim. The third and fourth objections are disposed of by the decision in State ex rel. Parrot Silver & Copper Co. v. District Court, 28 Mont. 528, 73. Pac. 230. The court had tbe power to compel tbe plaintiffs to allow defendant ingress, into and egress from the mine by means, of plaintiffs’ machinery and appliances. The evidence in the record tends to show that the Minnie Healy shaft is the only means of access to the workings in controversy. There, is no contention made upon tbis application that such is not the case. To say that the court has power to make an order of survey and inspection, but that it has no power to make it effective by requiring the party in possession of the ground to be inspected to furnish the mode of access to tbe property, is to deny tbe power of tbe court to make it at all. Such temporary invasion of the property rights of a party to an action is not a taking' or damaging of property within the purview of tbe constitutional prohibition. As was said in tbe above case: “Every citizen lias the right to the exclusive enjoyment of his property without interruption or invasion. Yet this general rule of right must, under the circumstances of tbe case, yield to the higher right of public necessity, that equal justice may be administered upon conflicting rights of different citizens. Every citizen holds his property subject to tbis burden, and when the necessity arises his private right must give way to this higher law.” The order is defective in that it fails to provide for the com — 111 — pensation contemplated by Section 1311 of the'Code of Civil Procedure, but it is not void because it invades any constitutional right of the plaintiffs. As this omission is material, the district court is directed to reform it in this, respect, unless the parties may, by stipulation, render the action of the court unnecessary. If the parties cannot themselves stipulate as to what this expense is, the court may hear testimony, and, .after fixing what the reasonable cost of raising and lowering defendant’s agents is, amend its order by directing the defendant to pay it. The order, when so amended, will'be affirmed. Affirmed.