Townshend v. Matthews

Ecclestow, J., delivered the opinion of this court. This is an action of replevin, instituted by the appellee against the appellant to recover four negroes. Prior to an examination of the prayer granted at the instance of the plaintiff below, and which is the basis of this appeal, we will state our views of the law as applicable to the case, supposing the jury should have believed the evidence to be true as set forth in the record. In contemplation of an intended marriage between Henry M. Chew of Prince George’s county, and Elizabeth Ann Haw of Georgetown, and in consequence of an agreement entered into between the parties, a deed was duly executed on tho [254] 14th of January 1833, between the said Henry M. Chew of the first part, Elizabeth Ann Haw of the second part, and the appellee, Henry C. Matthews of the third part; by which the real and personal estate of Elizabeth Ann were conveyed to the said Matthews and his heirs, subject to the uses, trusts and purposes expressed in the deed: “that is to say, to the said Elizabeth Ann, her heirs and assigns, until the said intended marriage shall (should) be liad, and from and immediately after the solemnization thereof, in trust and for the sole and exclusive use of.,the said Elizabeth Ann, her heirs and assigns, the said Elizabeth Ann and her assigns, during her life, to take and receive all the rents, issues and profits, of all and singular the real and personal estate, before mentioned and described, to and for her and their own use respectively, and subject to such disposition, conditions, provisoes, restrictions and limitations, as the said Elizabeth'Ann, whether covert or sole at any time or times hereafter, (thereafter,) by any deed or deeds,” &c., might make. After the 14th of January 1833, the marriage took place; and in 1839, Elizabeth Ann, the wife, died, leaving several children, and her husband surviving her. The plaintiff offered evidence to prove, that negroes Sophia and Anthony, mentioned in the declaration, were originally the property of Elizabeth Ann Haw, before and at the time of her intermarriage with Henry M. Chew; and that the other slaves mentioned in the nar, are the children of the said Sophia, born during the coverture of the said Elizabeth Ann. The defendant below offered proof, that the said negro woman Sophia and her children, and Anthony, remained in the possession of Henry M. Chew, from the time of his wife’s death up to the period of his decease, which occurred in the year 1851; and that these negroes were in the possession of the defendant, as administrator of H. M. Chew, when the present action of replevin was instituted in February 1854. No appointment or disposition of the property was made by Elizabeth Ann, under the power or authority contained in the deed. The plaintiff below insists, that he has a right to recov er all [255] the negroes mentioned in the nar, because under the provisions of the deed, the legal title to them is in him. This the defendant denies, and contends that the deed does not manifest, with sufficient clearness, an intention to exclude the husband’s marital rights, beyond the life of the wife, if to that extent; and at her decease, without having disposed of the negroes, they vested in the husband. In the case of Waters and Others, vs Tazewell, 9 Md. Rep., 291, and other cases there cited, the deeds on which those decisions were based, were held sufficient to show an intention of carrying the title to the property beyond the period of the wife’s death, and to exclude the husband. Comparing those deeds with the language made use of in the one before us, we think it should be construed as having a similar effect; at all events in regard to the corpus of the trust property; that is, negroes Anthony and Sophia. In our opinion the deed excluded the husband from any title to tire two elder negroes, and under the circumstances, he only held them permissively, whilst in his possession; consequently his administrator could have no valid claim to them. The deed conveyed the legal title to the trustee, under which he had a right to recover possession, so as to enable him to discharge himself from the trust, by a transfer and delivery of the property to those entitled under the deed. With regard to the corpus of the estate, the settlement declares that after the marriage, the trust shall be “for the sole and exclusive use of the said Elizabeth Ann, her heirs and assigns:” and then goes on to provide, “the said Elizabeth Ann and her assigns during her life, to take and receive all the rents, issues and profits of all and singular the real and personal estate before mentioned and described, to and for her and their own use respectively.” After which follows the provision, giving to her authority whether covert or sole to dispose of the property. Tims it appears, that whilst the corpus is for the sole and exclusive use of Elizabeth Aun, her heirs and assigns, without any limitation or restriction in relation to time, it is during her life, that she and her assigns are to take the rents, issues [256] and profits, for her and their own use respectively. Under’ such a trust, we think the husband became entitled to whatever issues or profits accrued, and were actually received by the wife during the coverture, if they were not assigned or transferred by her, but at her decease remained in her possession or that of the husband. 2 Bright on Husband and Wife, 224, sec. 13, and cases cited in note (e.) McQueen on Husband and Wife, marginal-paging 286, 298, 299, in 66 Law Lib. Negroes Mary and John, ás children of Sophia, are issues or profits of the trust property, according to the Maryland decisions. They were born dui'ing the coverture, and at Mrs< Chew’s decease, were held as slaves in the family of H. Mi Chew; he and his wife up to the period of her death having lived together as husband and wife. .She made no assignment or disposition of those children, and after her decease they belonged to the husband. This being so, the plaintiff cannot recover them in this suit. During the trial the following instruction was asked. “Upon the whole of this evidence, the plaintiff then prayed the court to instruct the jury, that if they find from the evidence, that Henry M. Chew and Elizabeth Ann Haw, wei'e married after the 14th of January 1833, arid that negroes Sophia and Anthony, now in controversy, are the same negroes mentioned in the marriage contract, entered into between Elizabeth Ann HaW and Henry M. Chew, dated 14th of January 1833, herein-before offered in evidence; and that the other negroes Mary and John, were children of the said Sophia, born after the intermarriage of the said Elizabeth and Henry, then, that the plaintiff is entitled to recover, notwithstanding they find, that the said negroes were in possession of the ‘ said Henry, from the time of his marriage and their birth respectively, until his death.” Which -instruction, “the court gave to the jury, and directed them to find a verdict for the plaintiff, if they so found the facts.” To this decision the defendant excepted, and now insists upon its reversal, alleging it to be erroneous. The mar claims four negroes; and the prayer, as granted, instructed the jury, that if they should find certain facts to [257] exist, the plaintiff was entitled to recover, notwithstanding they should believe the negroes were in possession of H. M. Chew, “from the time of his marriage and their birth respectively; until his death.” Such an instruction authorized the jury to understand it, as including all the negroes mentioned in the nar. If the court meant less than all, the instruction furnished the jury with no means of ascertaining how many less. From what has been said it will appear; that conceding the evidence sufficient to have justified the jury in finding the facts as set forth in the prayer, still, in our opinion, the plaintiff could have no right to recover negroes Mary and John; and therefore the defendant is entitled to a reversal, upon the in-' struction given. Judgment reversed and. procedendo awarded: