Bayly v. Bayly

The Chancellor.: This case originated upon a bill filed on the equity side of Baltimore County Court, by the complainant, in which, upon the grounds therein set forth, she prays for a divorce a mensa et thoro, from her husband, the defendant, for alimony, and for the writ of ne exeat, to restrain the defendant from departing out of the jurisdiction of the court, until the further order of the court, and for such further and other relief as her case may require. The bill is supposed to make a case entitling the complainant to relief, under the provisions of the 3d section of the act of 1841, ch. 262, which authorizes the Chancellor, and the county courts, as courts of equity, to decree divorces a mensa et thoro, for the causes therein specified, and also upon decreeing divorces, to award alimony to the wife. Exceptions have been taken by the defendant to the sufficiency of the averments of the bill, but the Chancellor d.oes not propose at this time, to consider or express any opinion in — 330 — regard to those exceptions, reserving that question until the case shall be brought before him for decision upon its merits. The bill was filed on the 8th of May, and on the same day, the Baltimore County Court passed an order directing the writ of ne exeat to issue, and that the sheriff should detain, the defendant in his custody, until he shall give bond, with surety, to be approved by the sheriff, in the penalty of five thous- and dollars, conditioned to abide by, conform to, and fulfil the requirements of all decrees which the court may pass in the cause. The prayer for the writ of ne exeat was founded upon the averment “that the said Josiah Bayley is about to leave the state of Maryland, and depart beyond the jurisdiction of this court.” On the 13th of May, Baltimore County Court overruled a motion to discharge the defendant from the writ, and to quash the same, upon the ground that the defendant is, and was a resident and inhabitant of Dorchester county, in this state, it appearing by the order, 'that evidence was heard by the court upon the. question submitted to it upon this motion, and on the same day, as appears by the sheriff’s return upon the writ, and the receipt of the warden of the jail, the defendant was placed in custody. After the passing of the above orders, the defendant filed his answer, in which, after denying many of the allegations of the bill, the defendant says, “that he is not about to leave the state of Maryland, or to depart beyond the jurisdiction of her courts, and has no such purpose or intention.” And subsequently upon his petition, the papers and proceedings were ordered to be transmitted to this court, and being here, an order was obtained on the 19th of May, that the motion to discharge the writ of ne exeat, would be heard on the 29th of the same month, upon notice being served upon the opposite party. Notice- was given accordingly, and counsel have been heard for and against the motion. When the orders of Baltimore County Court were passed, the answer was not filed, and of course, that court has pronounced no opinion upon the effect which that answer should have upon the question now to be — 331 — decided. The writ was granted upon the affidavit of the complainant alone, that the defendant was about to depart beyond the jurisdiction of the court. No affidavits were filed in support of the oath of the wife, substantiating acts and declarations of the defendant, indicative of his intention to go abroad, but her right to the writ rested exclusively upon her own statement, that he entertained such an intention. It is not meant, of course, to say that the wife may not make such affidavit, though her power to do so, appears to have been at one time denied. Sedgwick vs. Watkins, 1 Vez., Jr., 49. That decision appears to have been overruled by the case of Shaftoe vs. Shaftoe, 7 Vez., 171, and was pronounced by Chancellor Kent, in Denton vs. Denton, 1 Johns. Ch. Rep., 441 — 2, not to have been founded on just principles. There can be no doubt, however, that the affidavit of the wife in the cases in which she is permitted to make it against her husband, may be corroborated by the oaths of other persons, deposing to the acts and declarations of the husband, manifesting his purpose to remove himself beyond the jurisdiction of the court. But in this case the Baltimore County Court has decided that the writ may be granted upon the affidavit of the wife, and with the judgment of that court, upon the case as it was presented to them, the Chancellor does not mean, in any respect, to interfere. The question, and the only question now to be considered, is, whether the foundation upon which the court proceeded, has not been so far taken away by the answer, which was not before them, when the order was passed, as to justify and require this court to discharge the writ. A preliminary objection was presented by the counsel for the complainant, that this court could not take cognizance of this cause, because at the time of the passage of the act of 1824, ch. 196, which authorized the transfer of cases from the sixth judicial district to the Court of Chancery, no law existed, which gave our courts of equity jurisdiction in cases of divorce, it being supposed, that notwithstanding the prospective as well as the retrospective language of the act, that it only applied to cases to which the jurisdiction of the courts of equity then extended. The Chancellor does not concur in this con — 332 — struction of the act. Its language is, “that in all equity suits now depending, or hereafter to be commenced, or instituted, in either of the county courts of the sixth judicial district,” the judges, or any one judge, may order the bill, &c., to be transmitted to the Court of Chancery upon suggestion and affidavit, &c. The present is an equity suit, commenced in one of the courts of the sixth judicial district, in virtue of the act of 1841, ch. 262, which conferred upon the Chancellor, and the county courts, as courts of equity, jurisdiction over the subject of divorce, and is, therefore, within the terms of the act of 1824. It would seem to be settled in England, that the Court of Chancery will not issue the writ of ne exeat regno, in cases of alimony, unless there has been an actual decree for alimony by the spiritual courts. That it will not be granted, even where there has been such decree pending an appeal from it by the husband, nor for interim alimony, granted pendente lite, before a decree, nor for any other sum than that which is actually due for the alimony and costs. Daniel’s Ch. Pr., 1926, 1927; 2 Story’s Com. on Equity, sections 1471, 1472. In New York, however, Mr. Chancellor Kent, in Denton vs. Denton, 1 Johns. Ch. Rp., 364 and 441, did grant the writ upon the petition of the wife pendente lite. It is possible that the difference in regard to the stage of the cause at which this remedy will be granted in England and in New York, arises from the fact, that in New York, the Court of Chancery has jurisdiction over the question of divorce and alimony, which in England belongs to the ecclesiastical courts, the Court of Chancery there only coming to its aid, to prevent its decree from being defeated, which the former court might be unable to do. In the case now under consideration, no decree for alimony has been passed, and, indeed, the title to any such decree is strongly contested by the answer in averments and statements responsive to the allegations of the bill. There is, moreover, a wide difference between the statements in the bill and answer with reference to the value of the defendant’s estate, the bill alleging him to be worth fifteen thousand dollars, whilst in his answer, he says he is not worth five hundred dollars. The — 333 — Baltimore County Court, acting upon the statement of the bill in this respect, ordered the sheriff to detain the defendant in his custody until he should give bond, with approved surety, in the penalty of five thousand dollars. Now, assuming that the defendant is not worth more than the sum stated in his answer, (and no affidavits have been taken to contradict him,) it is manifest, he would, or might be, subject to great difficulty in giving the bond required of him. In the case of Denton vs. Denton, Chancellor Kent felt the difficulty arising from the uncertainty of the amount of the alimony, and, consequently, the uncertainty of the sum for which to mark the writ of ne exeat, though he regarded the difficulty as not insuperable, as the amount of alimony would have a material reference to the rank of the parties, and the property of the husband, and in that case he was shown, by affidavits, to be worth $200,000. But here this writ is marked, if the answer speaks the truth, in a sum ten times as large as the value of the husband’s property. Now, although it is to be assumed, in this case, that upon a bill for alimony the writ of ne exeat may be granted pendente lite, yet there can be no doubt, that some caution and jealousy is to be observed in the application of the rule, lest great injustice may be done to the party against whom it issues. 2 Story’s Com. on Equity, section 1468. This is a case, then, in which the writ issued upon the ex parte application of the wife, verified alone by her affidavit, before a decree had passed establishing her right to alimony, and in which her right is disputed by strong statements in the answer imputing gross misconduct to her. The allegation of an intention to remove from the state, is positively denied by the defendant, and the question now is, whether, according to the case as presented by bill and answer, the writ shall, or shall not, be discharged. It would seem, upon principle, that where the writ issues upon the naked unsupported oath of the complainant, it should be discharged upon the counter oath of the defendant, and especially this seems reasonable and proper when the point of difference has reference to the intention of the defendant, in re — 334 — gard to which he must, of course, be able to speak with more certainty than any one else. In the Maryland Ch. Pr., 94, it is said, the writ will be discharged, if, on the hearing it appears that the answer fully denies the existence of the claim, or the intention to leave the state. Lord Eldon in the case of Amsiuck vs. Barklay, 8 Vez., 595, said, if the writ was granted upon affidavits of declarations, or facts, as evidence of the intention to go abroad, the affidavit of the defendant denying the intention would be of no avail. And in the cases of Dunham vs. Jackson, 1 Paige, 629, and Mitchell vs. Burch, 2 Paige, 606, the Chancellor seemed to consider that the fate of the application for the writ, in the one case, and the motion to discharge it in the other, would depend upon the admitted or undenied intention of the party to leave the state before the decree could be made effectual against him. In Thomas vs. Halsey, 7 Johns. Ch. Rep., 189, the answer was permitted to be read on a motion to discharge the writ, though the time for filing exceptions to it had not expired, and was held sufficient to remove the ground for the writ, even if well sustained by the bill and the accompanying affidavits. In this case the Chancellor considers it proper, in view of the positive denial in the answer of the intention to leave the state imputed to the defendant by the bill, and of the other defences taken in the answer, to grant the motion, and will pass an order accordingly. Wm. P. Preston and Wm. Alexander for Complainant. R. Johnson and J. M. Campbell for Defendant. [The charges of the bill having been sustained by proofs taken under the commission, a decree was passed on the 15th of May, 1848, divorcing the parties a mensa et thoro, and by agreement of the parties, allowing the wife the sum of $600 in lieu of all claim for alimony.]