Carlberg v. Fields

PORREY, J. This is the third time this case has been before ■this court for consideration. The first appeal was taken on the 17th of July, 1912. This appeal was from the judgment alone, •and was dismissed on the 12th day of November, 1912, for the inexcusable negligence of the appellants. Prior to the taking of the appeal, appellants had given notice of intention to move for a new trial. This motion was brought on arid denied by order of the trial court, on the 18th of December, 1912, and on the 31st clay of December, 1912, appellants appealed from the judgment and order overruling theh motion for a new trial. Respondent then moved to dismiss this appeal, on the ground that a second appeal cannot be maintained after the first appeal has been unconditionally dismissed. This motion was denied (31 S. D. 209. 140 N. W. 267), and appellants present their case upon three assignments of error: First, error of the trial court in denying appellants’ application to amend their answer; second, in entering judgment for plaintiff and against" defendants; and, third, in denying defendants’ motion for a new trial. [413] [i, 2] At the outset, respondent challenges appellants’ right to have either of the first two assignments considered, for the reason that they both present matters that were, or might have been, presented on the first appeal; respondent contending that the disposition of the former appeal is res judicata as to all such 'matters. If his promise, to. wit, that the questions raised >by these two assignments were properly presented by the record on the first appeal, then his conclusion is correct. In Westphal v. Nelson, 25 S. D. 100, 125 N. W. 640, this court said: “Cn an appeal from the judgment alone, in the absence of a bill of exceptions, the only question is whether the judgment is supported by the pleadings and verdict, or the court’s findings of fact; -in other words, whether any error appears upon the face of the record. Where, however, .the appeal is from the judgment alone and a bill of exceptions has been settled, all errors appearing on the face of the record, which' embraces the bill of exceptions, may be reviewed, provided the particular errors relied on for reversal are specified in the bill.” An examination of the record discloses the fact that the. transcript was filed and the original record (formerly styled the the bill of exceptions)' was settled and filed on the 9th day of August, 1912. This record was -the same then as it is now, with the exception of the subseuqent proceedings had on the motion for a new trial, and presented all the matters that can be raised under the two assignments in question; and therefore these matters could have been reviewed on the appeal from the judgment alone. It w;as a settled rule of this court that a second appeal will not be allowed from an order or judgment where the first appeal has been dismissed for want of prosecution, unless the right to take such second appeal is reserved in the order dismissing the first. Collins v. Gladiator Con. G. M. & M. Co., 19 S. D. 358, 103 N. W. 385. “When a party perfects an appeal and then abandons it, his right of appeal is exhausted.” Schmeer v. Schmeer, 16 Or. 244, 17 Pac. 864; Brill v. Meek, 20 Mo. 358. The fact that this court refused to dismiss this appeal on respondent’s motion in no wise conflicts with the views just expressed, because it is plain, from an examination of the opinion of -the court, that the motion to dismiss was denied, not for the purpose of permitting appellants [414] to prosecute a second appeal from the same judgment, but-because the second appeal was from the order overruling the motion for a new trial as -well as the judgment, and because an appeal will lie from an order denying a new .trial, independently of an appeal from the judgment or after the appeal from the judgment has been dismissed. In other words, this is to be treated as an appeal from the order alone; and this necessarily excludes all matters presented by the first two assignments, and those matters under the third assignment relating to rulings upon evidence, and brings us to the other matters raised by the third assignment. The only'matter urged by appellants under this assignment — which we are not precluded from considering* because of the determination of the appeal from the judgment — is the alleged insufftcienc}'- of the evidence to support the verdict, and this question will now receive our. consideration. [3] Plaintiff’s cause of action was.based upon the alleged destruction, by defendant’s cattle, of a crop of flax that had been grown and harvested by him. Besides a general denial in defendant’s answer, they alleged that plaintiff was not the owner of the flax in question; that the same- was grown on land held by defendants under a lease to -one of them from the Interior Department of the United States government; that plaintiff was a trespasser on the land when he raised the flax, and the cattle were rightly there when they destroyed it; that the flax was not of the value as claimed by plaintiff or of any value whatever; that the cause of action, if any, arose on the Standing- Rock Indian Reservation, in North Dakota; and that the federal court of that state had exclusive jurisdiction of the matter in controversy; and, lastly, that the flax was destroyed, if destroyed at all, by roving bands of sheep- belonging to parties other than -these defendants. On the trial, no evidence at all was offered to show that the defendants, or either of them, had a lease of the land upon which the flax was grown or that they, or either -of them, had any title whatever giving them a right to' the possession thereof. On the other hand, the evidence showed conclusively that the plaintiff wa-s in the peaceable possession thereof from the time the flax was sown until it was harvested and destroyed, and [415] peaceable possession alone is sufficient title as against anyone who cannot show a 'better title. Neither was there any evidence that the land upon which the flax was grown was on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation, nor any reason shown why the federal court, or any other court, had exclusive jurisdiction of the plaintiff's cause of action. There was evidence to show there had been some sheep on the flax prior to the time of the alleged trespass by the cattle, and that they did ¡some damage there can be no doubt. On the other hand, the evidence is overwhelming that the greater part of the crop of flax was destroyed b)r cattle. But it is contended by defendants that, even though the flax was destroyed by cattle and not by sheep, there was no evidence to -show that such cattle were owned by, or under the -control of, the defendants. There was no direct positive evidence of ownership, hut there was sufficient competent evidence showing what the various brands were on the cattle that did the damage. It was shown by certain witnesses that, at the time -of the alleged trespass, they were -employed by defendants’ to look after these same cattle, and that they were receiving pay from defendants for taking care of said cattle at that ti-me. It was also’ shown that defendants, were -paying the hoard of these same men, at a certain boarding house, at the time the damage -was done, and that defendants settled with another -party for damage done to. another field of flax -by these same cattle. It was’ further shown that these same cattle were generally known in-that vicinity as -the cattle of the defendants. In the absence of any evidence to the contrary, this was sufficient prima facie to warrant -the jury in finding that the cattle that damaged -the flax were the cattle of the defendants. If these cattle had not belonged to the defendants, it is altogether likely that there would have been evidence to -that effect. One of -the defendants was present in court during- the trial, but it i-s a very significant fact that he did not take -the witness stand and deny that defendants were the -owners of these cattle. Lastly, it is claimed by defendants that there is no evidence to distinguish between the damage occasioned by the cattle and that caused by the sheep. This is true ; and it is also- true that it would ¡have been impossible to have apportioned the dam [416] age caused by each with any degree of certainty whatever. But the evidence showed the flax to have been worth from $3,000 -to $4,500 at the time it was destroyed, while the verdict was only for $1,500. From this, it is fair to infer that the jury made ample .allowance for the damage caused by the sheep when they were assessing damages against the defendant's. Upon the whole record, we are satisfied that the verdict is warranted by the evidence, and that there was no error in denying appellant’s motion for a new trial. The order appealed from is affirmed.