Axtell v. Rooks

WHITING, J. [1-3] Plaintiff, the then sheriff of Perkins county, S'. D., 'was at the election in November, 1916, a candidate for reelection. Defendant was an opposing candidate, and the. canvassing board declared him elected. Plaintiff instituted a contest seeking to have the determination of the board of canvassers overturned and himself adjudged elected to such office. This contest was instituted during plaintiff’s term as sheriff and the notice of contest was served by one who was at the time plaintiff’s deputy. The statute (section 1988, P. C.) provides that service of notice of' contest shall be made in the same manner as service of summons. The return on such service was in the form of an affidavit, and not only stated those things necessary in a sheriff’s return upon-service of summons, but also stated those things necessary under section m, C. C. P., as amended by chapter 122, Laws 1907, in a return by one who as a private individual makes service of summons, except that by inference only did said return show that the party making the return was a resident of .the county wherein service was made. The party making the service signed the return both as an individual and as deputy sheriff. Defendant appeared specially and moved' the trial court for a dismissal of the contest upon the ground that the court had acquired no jurisdiction over the person of the defendant for the reason that the party making return of service was unauthorized to make such service. Upon the hearing of such motion plaintiff sought leave to file an amended return, which amended return showed that the party making the service made the same as a private individual and not as deputy sheriff. This motion was supported by affidavits. It is the fact of service that gives a court jurisdiction, and, not the sufficiency of a return. And courts should be liberal in allowing returns td be amended to¡ show the true facts. Buckmiller v. Railway Co., 164 Iowa, 502, 146 N. W. 447. The amended return disclosed a valid service of the notice unless the party serving such notice was unauthorized to make such service as an individual while he was deputy sheriff. The trial court refused to allow such amended return to be filed and dismissed -the contest. Prom the order or judgment of dismissal, this appeal was taken. While several questions are discussed in appellant’s brief, we [34] dieem it necessary to consider but one: Can. a person who- chances to be deputy sheriff, malee service of such a notice a's a private individual in a -matter wherein the sheriff is a party? It is the contention of respondent that he cannot do so-, and that the reason therefor is because of the interest which he has- in the matter. In this we think respondent is in error. Of course, it must be -conceded that, whenever the sheriff -i-s disqualified owing to- -being a party, then his deputy as suoh -is also disqualified because a deputy's authority is only su-ch as he derives from -his principal, and when the principal is- without authority he can eonfer noauth-ority upon his deputy. But the -disability of the sheriff which disqualifies him from serving this notice -did not arise out of -the fa-ct that -he was sheriff, but merely from the fact that -he was a party to the proceeding, and such a disability can in no way affect the authority of another person to make such service, if such other person has authority not in any manner -coming from- the disqualified party. Colby v. Dillingham, 7 Mass. 475. The statutes of this state .authorize a private individual possessing the qualifications which the p-ar-ty making this service possessed to make service in any cause wherein he is not a -party; therefore the mere fact that this party was -disqualified as deputy sheriff, owing to reasons not personal to him-, in no manner -affected his authority ■to make service as a private individual. We are un-able to agree with respondent’s contention that the mere fa-ct that he was deputy sheriff gav-e him -any ■ su-ch interest in this contest as would disqualify him. Such fact did not make him a party to- the contest. And even if any interest in the outcome -of this -proceeding, no-matter -how -direct or great -such interest might be, -c-ould have disqualified this party from serving such notice, n-o- such- interest appears. The outcome of such -contest co-uld not -affect su-ch party’s- term as deputy, which, term would expire by limitation -before the term in dispute -would -commence. If we were to hold -that the term “party to- the action,” used in the statute to designate those -disqualified to serve -summons, included deputies-, agents, and servants -of such a party because of supposed -interest in- their principal's welfare, and that therefore suoh a deputy, agent, or servant could not make service under that provision of statute authorizing private individuals to make service, such -holding [35] would, as said by Justice Start in First Nat. Bk. v. Estenson, 68 Minn. 28, 70 N. W. 775— “extend the statute, by a construction manifestly -in violation of its letter and spirit, so as to prohibit the service * * * by any other person than the sheriff, * * * because, if the plaintiff contracts' with or procures a private person to. serve bis summons, such person is necessarily his agent or attorney, and acts for him-, and not as an officer of the court or of the law.” Respondent has cited several authorities in support of his contentions, but' an examination of same will show that in every case where a deputy was held disqualified he could and wasi acting only in the capacity of an officer of “the court or of the law,” and not merely as a private individual, the agent of the party for whom service is made. It is not necessary for us at this time to decide, and we therefore do not decide, whether or not one who chances to be deputy sheriff -could, a's an individual, make service on behalf of the sheriff where the sheriff was a party to the action in bis official capacity. It is clear that the trial court erred in, not allowing the return to be amended, and also erred! in holding that through the facts as shown by such amended return the court acquired no jurisdiction over the person of the defendant. The -order appealed from is reversed.