Elliott Supply Co. v. Hanson

WHITING, J. Action to recover the agreed selling and purchase price of certain silverware under the terms of a written agreement to sell and purchase same. Trial to court without jury. Findings, conclusions, and judgment for defendant. From such, judgment and an order refusing- a new trial this appeal was taken. The trial court found that the agreed' sale was by sample; that the samples exhibited were of two lines of silverware and were all of high grade and good quality; that plaintiff shipped the goods to defendant; that defendant, after examination, refused to accept same, and returned them to plaintiff, who refused to accept such return; that the goods ordered and shipped comprised silverware of both lines; that the goods of one line were equal in quality to the samples thereof, but comprised but one-fourth' in number of items and one-fifteenth in value of the whole order; that the goods of the other line were not equal to sample, but were much inferior in grade, quality, and appearance to the samples. The trial court concluded that there was an implied warranty that the goods would 'be equal to the samples; that there was a breach of such warranty; and that defendant returned the goods with reasonable promptness. [1] Appellant contends that there could be nO' implied warranty because the written contract contained an express warranty. Appellant is in error in his premise; there was no warranty contained in such contract. It is true that the contract contained a paragraph headed “Warranty”; but to name something a warranty does not make it such. Section 1322, C. C., defines a warranty as follows: [573] “A warranty is an engagement by which a seller assures to a buyer the existence of some fact affecting the transaction, whether past, present or future.” The section of the contract relied upon by appellant reads: “Warranty. — Any article which is not exactly as represented may be returned to. us and we will replace same with a new article without charge regardless of the cost of the article.” This is not an assurance of the past, present, or future existence of some fact, but is rather an agreement that may well accompany and relate to some warranty — to- some assurance of the past, present, or future existence of some fact — just as ;t purports to be an agreement accompanying and relating to some representation. The contract contains no warranty of any fact. Elgin Jewelry Case v. Estes, 122 Ga. 807, 50 S. E. 939. [2] We do not deem all the provisions of the written contract material to any question raised upon this appeal. Other provisions of such contract are set out in Elliott Supply Co. v. Green, 35 N. D. 641, 160 N. W. 1002. Suffice for the purpose of this appeal to note that the contract contained in the writing was not a sale (section 1299, C. C.), but an agreement to sell and buy (section 1304, C. C.), under which agreement there would be no consummated sale until there was an acceptance of the goods. Section 1325, C. C., provides: “One who. sells or agrees to sell goods- by sample thereby warrants the bulk to be equal to the sample.” [3] Under section 1339, C. C., this being an agreement for sale, and not a sale, the defendant had1 a right to- inspect the goods before accepting them, and, having found the implied warranty broken, he had, under section 1340, C. C., a right to rescind the agreement or contract. This right of rescission was not limited merely to the defective goods, for the reason that the contract was clearly entire and indivisible. Elliott Supply Co. v. Green, supra.. These statutory provisions are in perfect 'harmony with the clearly established law that, in the case of sales by sample, the purchaser has, independently of the express contract, the right to refuse the goods when offered if such goods fail to correspond to the sample. National Engraving Co. v. Queen City Laundry, 92 Neb. 402, 138 N. W. 575; Keeler v. Paulus Mfg. Co., 43 Tex. Civ. App. 555, 96 S. W. 1097. [574] Appellant contends that respondent cannot take advantage of section 1340, C. C., because of the express provisions of the written contract. Besides the so-called “Warranty” above quoted, the contract provides that “all goods * * * can be returned only as herein provided.” Appellant does not appreciate the full force and effect of sections 1339 and 1340, C. C. Under those sections a purchaser, in case of a breach of warranty, rescinds the contract, the effect being that he is released from all its terms, there ceasing to be any contract. On the other hand, if a purchaser does not see fit, in a proper case, to take advantage of the provisions of sections 1339 and 1340, C. C., and accepts the goods, he remains bound by the terms of the contract. If in such a case there is found to be a breach of warranty, and the contract provides the purchaser’s remedy for such breach, the contract controls. The judgment and order appealed from are affirmed.