Conway v. Burk

SMITH, P. J. Appeal from the circuit court of Codington county. The complaint alleges: That plaintiff was and is engaged in the land and .real, estate business. That about April 8, 1917, one August Christians listed with plaintiff for sale a tract of land containing 308 acres, more or less. That plaintiff was to have the exclusive sale of said land until October 1, 1917, at $50 per acre. Terms of sale: $1,000, cash; $2,000 on or 'before March 1, 1918; balance on or before seven years with interest at 5 per cent, per annum. That about 'September 19, 1917, plaintiff had a customer to whom he had shown said lands. That thereupon defendants solicited plaintiff to permit them to sell said lands to one of their customers and agreed with plaintiff that, if said lands were sold to said customer for an amount above the price at which the land waá listed with plaintiff, defendants would pay to plaintiff one-half of all they would make upon the sale of said land. • That plaintiff quoted the terms'upon which the land was listed with him for sale by Christians and agreed to the proposition made by defendants. That thereupon and in consideration of said agreement .plaintiff desisted from .further showing said lands to his own prospective customers, and permitted defendants to offer said lands to their customer, one Jacob Shuck. The defendants entered into an agreement with said’ Shuck 'whéreby defendants agreed to [457] sell, and 'Shuck agreed to purchase, said real estate at the price of' $62.50 per acre, $2,000 cash, $5,000 payable on or before March 1, 1918, balance to be secured .by note and mortgage on the land, payable in seven years with interest at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum. That Shuck then and there paid defendants $2,000' in cash pursuant to the terms of said contract. That on the 22d day of September defendants met and induced said ’Christians to enter into a contract whereby said Christians agreed to sell said lands to defendants at the price of $50 per acre, $1,000 cash, $2,000 on or before March 1, 1918, balance payable by note and mortgage on said lands seven years from and after March 1, 1918, with interest at 5 per cent, per annum; said contract between defendants and 'Christians being the same terms quoted by plaintiff to the defendants, and the same terms upon which Christians had listed said property with plaintiff, all of which defendants well knew. That ever since said transaction defendants have ignored plaintiff in the sale and refused to pay him anything on account of said sale. Plaintiff demands judgment for $1,925, being one-half the profits realized by defendants from the sale of said lands, together with interest. Defendants filed separate answers, substantially the same, in which they admit that said lands were listed with plaintiff exclusively as the agent of Christians, to be sold for the sum of $50 per acre, under which listing Christians agreed to pay plaintiff a commission of $1 per acre, and allege that, after' the sale of said lands, Christians paid plaintiff $308 commission due him under said contract of listing; and further alleged “that the facts alleged in plaintiff’s complaint are in violation of plaintiff’s duties as an agent.”- At the opening of the trial, defendants objected to the introduction of any evidence by the plaintiff upon the ground that the complaint did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, “it being against public policy to enforce such a contract or agreement as that upon which the plaintiff seeks to recover, upon the facts stated in the complaint, the complaint not stating that either the owner of the land or the buyer knew of such contract or agreement.” At the close of plaintiff’s case, defendants moved for direction of a verdict upon substantially the same grounds stated in [458] the objection to introduction of evidence. At the close of all the evidence, .defendants renewed' their motion for a directed verdict upon the same grounds, which -motion was overruled, and error is assigned. At the trial, after testifying to the listing of the property with him for sale, plaintiff, without objection by appellant, was permitted to testify as follows: “I asked him what commission he would give me, and he said he would give me a dollar an acre commission out of the $50 an .acre. I said, ‘Now, if I get anything over that, August, it will be perfectly satisfactory with you/ and he said, ‘Yes/ I said, T don’t think I am getting enough,’ and he said, ‘Whatever you get ■ over that will be satisfactory to me.’ ” This statement is substantially corroborated 'by the testimony ■ ■of Christians. Plaintiff also testified to the alleged agreement between himself and defendants for a division of the profits upon the sale of the land. This agreement was denied by defendants. The trial •court, among other things, instructed the jury as follows: “Now, the first question you are to consider when you go to your jury room to deliberate upon this case will be this: AVas the plaintiff, M. J. 'Conway, by the terms of his contract with the owner of the lands, August Christians, entitled to all he could procure over and above $50 per acre upon the sale of this land, in addition to the $1 per acre which August' Christians was- to pay him-? If you find that he was not entitled to all over and above :$50 per acre which he would receive for this land, then you will mot need to consider this case any further, but your verdict should be for the defendants lipón all the issues. If, on the othér hand, you find that by the contract between August Christians and M. J. Conway, that ‘he was to receive upon the sale of this land $1 per acre or $308 and all over $50 per acre if he should secure a purchaser to buy it for -more than $50 per acre, then you will go •on and determine whether or not there was a contract between Conway and the defendants in this action whereby the defendants •agreed to give M. J. Conway one-half of all that they made on the sale of this land over and above the sum of $50 an acre. If you find that there was such a contract entered into, then your •verdict should be for the plaintiff upon all the issues. In other [459] words, your verdict should be for the plaintiff in the sum of $1,925 and 5 per cent, interest from 'September 22d.” [ 1 ] Such instructions therefore not excepted to, became the law of the case upon this appeal. It vvill be noted that the complaint does, not allege that, by this contract of listing the lands for sale, the plaintiff and Ohristians agreed that plaintiff was to receive, in addition to the commission of $1 per acre, any excess above $50 per acre which' might he obtained on a sale of the land. But at the trial plaintiff was permitted, without objection, to prove such a contract,, and, without objection the whole case was tried and submitted to-the jury upon the issue raised by a denial of the contract testified to by plaintiff. [2] Appellant’s contention here is that the contract alleged in the complaint is contrary to public policy and a violation of plaintiff’s duty and trust as -Christians’ agent. It is perfectly clear, however, that the contract testified to by plaintiff, and found by the jury under the evidence and instructions of the court, would not be against public policy, nor would the acts of plaintiff constitute a violation of his duty or trust as agent of Christians. In such case, the trial court, either before or after trial, might have-permitted an amendment of the complaint to correspond to the proof and to the issues as actually tried, under the evidence and instructions. In De Luce v. Root, 12 S. D. 141, 80 N. W. 181, this court held that an adverse ruling on an objection to evidence, on the-ground that the complaint failed to state a cause of action, was not reversible error, where the complaint contained no defects not curable by amendment. In Totten v. Stevenson, 29 S. D. 71, 135 N. W. 715, this-court held: “Evidence of matters pertinent to and connected with the cause of action on trial, received, without objection -by either-party,, although not pleaded, has the same force and effect, for the purposes ■ of the trial, as if -properly pleaded'; and under such circumstances it was proper for the trial court to base his instructions on the pleadings as well as the evidence, although some of the evidence was without the allegations of the pleadings. Where parties raise issues of fact not alleged in the pleadings, without objection, it is not error to instruct the jury on such issues. It [460] is proper to give instructions on the theory upon which the parties try the case, although the pleadings, technically, do not support such theory. * * * The jury ‘find from the evidence/ and not from the pleadings. The pleadings are intended to apprise the opposite party of the ground of action or defense, and to guide the court in admitting or rejecting evidence. * * * If neither of the parties has objected to the evidence on the ground of variance, the judge is to instruct the jury upon the whole evidence; the rule being that a variance between the pleadings and the evidence is no ground of error, unless the evidence was objected to on this ground at the time it was offered.” No objection to evidence on the ground of variance was made ■at the trial, and the case was submitted to the jury upon the issues presented by the evidence, without objection. The contract found by the jury was not contrary to public policy nor a violation of plaintiff’s duty as an agent, and if it be conceded that the complaint is subject to the objection urged by appellant, and that such objection should have been sustained, it is clear that the error was without prejudice and, under many decisions of this court, is not ground for reversal of the judgment. The order and judgment of the trial court are affirmed.