Mee v. Hirning

SHERWOOD, J. This is an. action brought by James Mee and James S. Thomson against John Hirning, as superintendent of banks of the state of South Dakota, and John Hirning, M. Plin Beebe, C. H. Lien, and William Hoese, as members of and constituting the depositors’ guaranty fund commission of the state of South. Dakota, for a writ of prohibition restraining said defendants. from admitting the Farmers’ Security State Bank of Centerville, S. D., under the depositors’ guaranty fund of this state, and restraining the superintendent of banks from issuing a certificate authorizing the said Farmers’ Security State Bank of Centerville to commence -business.. Plaintiffs allege in their petition that the plaintiff James S. Thomson is one of the stockholders of the Bank of Centerville, and the plaintiff James Mee is one of the stockholders of the First National Bank of Centerville, in this state; that both plaintiffs are citizens, residents, and taxpayers of said city of Center-ville and state of South Dakota; that the First National Bank of Centerville is a banking corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States, and the Bank of Center-ville is a banking corporation organized and existing under the' laws of this state, and both said banks have been transacting the business of banking in the town of Centerville, in this state, and had their principal places of business therein for more than 20 years, and during that time no other bank has been established therein; that Centerville has approximately 1,100 population, and within a radius of 15. miles lie the cities of Davis, Hurley, Viborg, Irene, Wakonda, and Beresford, and that each of these cities has at least two banks; that the First National Bank of Centerville has a capital stock of $100,000 and the Bank of Centerville has a capital stock of $50,000; that said two'banks have furnished — 586 — complete and adequate banking facilities to the citizens and residents of Centerville and the territory naturally tributary thereto; that neither the size of Centerville nor the banking business transacted in the town and territory adjacent warrants or justifies an additional -bank, and that the establishment of a third bank would result in great damage and irreparable injury to plaintiffs and to said banks; that the Bank of Centerville has been admitted under the depositors’ guaranty fund as provided by law, and, if the Farmers’ Security State Bank should be admitted under the depositors’ guaranty fund, and receive a certificate to do business,, the deposits of such 'Farmers’ Security State Bank would be guaranteed in part by the assets of the petitioner James S. Thomson; that John Hirning is superintendent of banks of South Dakota; that John Hirning, M. Plin Beebe, C. H. Dien, and William Hoese constitute the depositors’ guaranty fund commission of this state; that, on or about the 13th of February, 1920, the Secretary of State issued to the Farmers’ Security State Bank a corporate charter evidencing the corporate existence as a state bank of said Farmers’ Security State Bank; that the Farmers’ Security State Bank has made application to the depositors’ guaranty fund commission of South 'Dakota for admission under the depositors’ guaranty fund, and has made application to the superintendent of banks of this state for a certificate authorizing it to commence the banking business; and that such application was made prior' to the commencement of this action. The petition further recites that more than a year has elapsed since the issuance of said charter to the Farmers’ Security State Bank, and that the depositors’ guaranty fund commission of South Dakota did not within one year after the issuance of the charter admit and has not admitted the’Farmers’ Security State Bank under the depositors’ guaranty fund of South Dakota, and that the superintendent of banks did not issue and has not issued to the Farmers’ Security State Bank a certificate authorizing said bank to commence business, and that the Farmers’ Security State Ba,nk has failed to open for business in the city of Centerville or elsewhere within one year from the date on which its charter was issued, and has forfeited its charter, and has no further legal existence. .It-further alleges, on information and belief, that, unless, pre — 587 — vented by this court, the depositors’ guaranty fund commission intend to and will admit said Farmers’ Security State Bank under the depositors’ guaranty fund, and the superintendent of banks, unless restrained, intends to and will issue a certificate authorizing said Farmers’ Security State Bank to commence business in Cen-terville; that petitioners have protested to the superintendent of banks against admitting the Farmers’ Security State Bank, because said Farmers’ Security State Bank no longer has any corporate existence, but, notwithstanding such protest, such officers will admit said bank unless restrained by the court; and allege that neither the superintendent of banks nor the depositors’ guaranty fund have any power or authority under the law to give to the Farmers’ Security State Bank a certificate of authority or to admit it under the depositors’ guaranty fund of the state; allege that the plaintiffs have no plain, speedy, or adequate remedy at law; and ask an order preventing said superintendent of banks and said depositors’ guaranty fund, commission from issuing or giving to the Farmers’ Security State Bank a certificate authorizing said bank to commence business. Oti this petition an alternative writ of prohibition was issued on December 8, 1921. The defendants demurred to the petition and affidavits, and moved to quash the writ on the following grounds: (1) That there is a defect of parties plaintiff and defendant. (2) That the affidavit and petition do not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action and to entitle the petitioner to a writ of prohibition. On a hearing in the lower court the demurrer was sustained and motion to quash granted on each of the grounds above set forth. From this order plaintiffs have appealed to this court. The demurrer and motion to quash which is in the nature of a demurrer (32 Cyc. 627)—admit all material allegations of the petition that are well pleaded and pertinent to the issue (31 Cyc. 333, § 2; Singer Mfg. Co. v. Peck, 9 S. D. 29, 67 N. W. 947), but do not admit inferences; or conclusions drawn therefrom unless necessarily presumed or inferred from the facts alleged, and do not admit conclusions of law contained in the pleading (31 Cyc. 333, § 2; Singer Mfg. Co. v. Peck, 9 S. D. 29, 67 N. W. 947). In substance plaintiffs contend that, 'being citizens and — 588 — taxpayers of Centerville, with an invested banking capital in two banks amounting to $150,000, they have for over. 20 years supplied complete and adequate 'banking facilities to the citizens and residents of that, city and tributary territory, and can continue so to. do; that the conditions of. said territory and its people do not warrant or .justify an additional bank in that territory, and to permit the establishment of the Farmers’ Security State Bank in Centerville would greatly damage and irreparably injure them. It is clear from plaintiffs’ petition that neither the superintendent of banks nor the depositors’ guaranty fund commission agree with plaintiffs as to either the necessity or advisability of establishing said bank in Centerville, because plaintiffs allege that the superintendent of bank will, -in spite of plaintiffs’ protest, issue his certificate authorizing the Farmers’ Security. State Bank to commence business in 'Centerville, and the .depositors’ guaranty fund commission will admit said bank under the guaranty fund of this state. Upon these points we agree with- Mr. Justice Whiting in the former opinion in this case, reported in 187 N. W. at page 540, in which he says: -“Certainly whether another bank should be allowed in this particular banking community, even if not within the absolute discretion' of the banicing department-, should not be controlled by the - courts unless there is a clear abuse of the discretion and power vested in such banking department.” And in this case we hol'd that 'no abuse of discretion is shown on the part of defendants.. ' It is further'claimed by appellants that the 'Bank of Center-ville, in which- James S. Thomson is a stockholder, has been admitted under the depositors ’guaranty fund of South Dakota, and by reason thereof, as stated in appellant’s brief, said “James S. Thomson at least is beneficially interested in this matter, * * * because he is a stockholder of a state bank, and because his property to some extent is pledged to secure the- payment of deposits of every other state bank:” On the other hand, 'it is claimed' by respondents that appellants cannot raise this question, because neither of them is a person “¡beneficially interested” in this writ, ás provided by section 3020, R. C. • 1919. . It is said in 32 Cyc. 622, that— “The petitioner must be injured- or ■ effected by the proceed — 589 — ings sought to be restrained, -otherwise 'prohibition will not-lie.” Is James S. Thomson or the Bank of Centerville, in which he is a stockholder,-injured; or will either be injured, or injuriously affected, ¡by" admitting the Farmers’ Security State Bank, under the depositors’ guaranty fund, to do business in the city of ■Centerville? Upon the answer to this question depends petition■ers’ right to this writ. ■ , . It will be observed that,-under the Banking Act, before a state bank can transact any business, it must have paid in- its capital stock in cash-, and complied with all. the provisions of law to entitle it to engage in- business (R. C. § 8955), and the superintendent of banks must so find, and issue his certificate of authority to such bank (R. C. § 8952), and such bank must be admitted under the depositors’ guaranty fund, and pay to - that fund 4 per cent of its capital stock, which shall be a credit fund (R. C. § 9016)', and such fund shall always be kept as- a credit fund at an amount not more than nor less than 1 per. cent of the average daily deposits of such bank for the preceding 12 months (R. C. § 9011). The depositors’ guaranty -fund in this. state is in the nature of a permanent fund to protect depositors. It is .to be “levied, kept, collected and applied” for that -purpose., R. C. § 9010. The money is either credited to or paid into the depositors.’guaranty fund (R. C. §§ 9015-9018), and it must -be s.et apart, kept, and maintained for that purpose (R. C. § 9017). It is drawn out only on the check' of the depositors’ guaranty fund commission. R. C. § 9020. This money is not the property of the bank in which it is deposited, but belongs to the. depositors’ guaranty fund. No part is ever to be returned to the bank, unless, first, after paying' all obligations against said bank, there is still found to'be a balance therein; second;-the bank paying to the fund either liquidates and goes out of -business or organizes as a national bank and withdraws from the' fund. It is presumed that the Farmers’ Security State Bank is and will continue to be solvent, and that it will conduct its business with ordinary skill and honesty, and continue to comply with the law relating to banks. • It will thus, be seen that the- liability of the petitioner Thomson and the Bank of Centerville being based on a percentage of the bank’s own deposits, is neither in — 590 — creased, nor diminished by the admission of any other solvent bank under said fund. We therefore hold that neither of the plaintiffs in this case will be either injured or injuriously affected by issuing a certificate authorizing' the said bank to commence business or • admitting said bank under the depositors’ guaranty fund of the state. It is further claimed by defendants that the real purpose and intent of this action and the sole ground on which it is based is to have the court declare the Farmers’ .Security State Bank charter to be forfeited and void; and it is clear from plaintiffs’ petition that this is the sole ground on which plaintiffs must rely if they prevail in this proceeding. In this state we have no statute permitting a private individual to bring an action forfeiting a corporation charter; and such action can only be brought by the state as provided by §§ 2781-2783, R. C. 1919, as amended by chapter 289 of Laws 1919. It is said in 7 R. C. L., p. 727, § 735: “Whether scire facias, or an information in the nature of qua warranto, 'be used, in either case the proceeding, unless otherwise permitted by statute, must he at the instance and on behalf of the state, through its proper officer, and cannot be prosecuted by a private individual.” As neither of the plaintiffs is entitled to maintain this action, the other error assigned by the appellants need not be considered. The judgment of the lower court is affirmed.