State v. Waletich

GATES, J. The charge in this case is the transportation of intoxicating liquor. The information charged the transportation as having been— “from a point in the public highway known as First Avenue East, in the city of Sisseton, in the county of Roberts, and state of [211] South Dakota, opposite the Powell Hospital ‘within said city, and thence south to a .point in said public highway, opposite lot- 8 of block 42, in the city of Sisseton, in the county and state aforesaid.” The distance between these .points was about 150 feet. It is argued, that this was not a transportation within the meaning of section 10303, Rev. Code 1919, but we think it clearly was. Novotny v. State, 182 Wis. 304, 196 N. W. 232; Melcher v. State, 109 Neb. 865, 192 N. W. 502; Brock v. State, 96 Tex. Cr. R. 6, 255 S. W. 751; Jordan v. State, 6 Okl. Co. 384, 118 P. 813. While the car was moving slowly, the officer saw defendant remove a bottle from the rear seat to the front of the car. The officer crossed the street, when defendant’s car stopped at the latter place, and got on the running board; defendant broke a quart bottle containing a clear liquid upon the sidle of the car; then he broke another smaller bottle, containing a brownish liquid; there was a scuffle; defendant stepped on the gas, and the car went about 50 feet before the officer had the defendant under control. The officer testified that from the broken bottles he smelled moonshine alcohol fumes. 'At the justice’s office to which defendant and the car were taken, the state’s attorney used his handkerchief to sop up some of the liquid remaining on the running board of the car and invited! bystanders to smell it. The justice testified that he smelled of the handkerchief, and that “it had a alcohol fume to it.” He was the only witness called by the state to testify concerning the smell of the handkerchief. 'On the other hand, one Dale, a business man of Sisseton, testified that he could not detect any smell of liquor, and that it smelled like turpentine. Defendant was convicted, and he appeals from the judgment and an order ‘denying new trial. Many assignments of error are argued; but the one above referred to in reference to transportation, another with reference to an instruction of the jury, and another with reference to misconduct by the state’s attorney, are the only assignments that we think merit reference in this opinion. The court charged the jury as follows: “The court instructs the jury that the laws of this state especially direct that all of the .provisions of the intoxicating liquor laws of this state shall be liberally construed for the enforcement thereof, and that no shift, device, art, or contrivance whatever, [212] which is used or practiced to evade the law, if you find' that any such were used or practiced for such purpose toy the defendant, will not avail or toe of any benefit to him, if you find that there was substantial violation of the law toy him of the charge made against him in the information.” This instruction was evidently taken from the provisions of sections 10235 and 10299, Rev. Code 19x9. In so far as it was given under section 10299, it seems to us 'it was inappropriate. The charge here was unlawful transportation — not any offense arising under section 10299. In so far as ^ was given under section 10235, it seems to us that the instruction was clearly erroneous. That section is one of interpretation of the act and is addressed solely to the courts, and the jury has nothing to1 do with it. The instruction should not have been given. W'e are of the opinion that the portion of the instruction, which stated that the laws of this state especially direct that all of. the provisions of the intoxicating liquor laws shall toe liberally construed for the enforcement thereof, was not only erroneous, but constituted prejudicial error. We think it must have impressed the jury that the liquor laws stand' upon a higher plane than other criminal laws, and that it should toe particularly astute to convict upon a charge of violating the intoxicating liquor laws as compared' with the violation of other laws. In his argument to the jury, the state’s attorney stated: “We 'believe the liquid in the bottles was alcohol.” In overruling appellant’s objection thereto, the court said: “The state’s attorney should not go to the extent of stating-what his personal belief is outside of the facts, tout counsel are at liberty to draw such deductions and conclusions from the evidence as to them appear to be proper, and such as they think is borne out toy the testimony. Of course, the jury will understand very readily that the statement of counsel, and they have already been instructed on that point, are that statements not warranted by the evidence will toe disregarded toy the jury, tout as far as this statement is concerned, as the court has heretofore stated, counsel are-at liberty to draw such deductions from the evidence as they think: proper, and for that reason'the objection will toe overruled.” If this were merely the ordinary case of a state’s attorney213 becoming a little overzealous, the above record might not show prejudice. In this particular case, however, the evidence before the jury showed plainly that the state’s attorney was present at the justice’s office shortly after the officer brought appellant there. It was he who called attention to the fact that there was some liquid spilled on the car. He took a handkerchief and sopped up some of it and invited bystanders to smell it, and it is to be noted that one of the bystanders, a business man of Sisseton, testified that he could not detect any smell of liquor and that it smelled like turpentine. On this state of facts the statement by the state’s attorney that he believed the liquid was alcohol cannot be assumed to be merely, an expression of his view upon the weight of the evidence. It is impossible to say that it was not taken by at least some of the jurors as a statement of his personal opinion, based upon the investigation in which he actively participated. If the state’s attorney desired to express his belief that the liquor was alcohol, he should have made his statement as a witness, under the sanctity of an oath and subject to cross-examination. We think such misconduct was prejudicial to appellant. For these reasons, the judgment and order appealed from are reversed and the cause is remanded for a new trial. •CAMPBELL, P. J., and BURCH, J., concurring. SHERWOOD and POLLEY, JJ„ dissenting.