State ex rel. Utilities Commission v. Carolina Water Service, Inc.

WEBB, Justice. The Commission has held that the cost of the sewage disposal plant built for the Danby/Lamplighter subdivision in Mecklenburg County may not be included in the defendant’s rate base. It has also held that only a percentage of the cost of the sewage treatment plant at Brandywine Bay in Carteret County and a percentage of the cost of the elevated water tank serving Cabarrus Woods in Cabarrus County may be included in defendant’s rate base. In determining whether the cost of property is to be included in the rate base N.C.G.S. § 62-133 provides in part: (b) [T]he Commission shall: (1) Ascertain the reasonable cost of the public utility’s property used and useful, or to be used and useful within a reasonable time after the test period[.] It is a question of fact to be decided by the Commission as to what part of the utility’s property is “used and useful, or to be used and useful within a reasonable time after the test period.” Utilities Comm. v. Telephone Co., 281 N.C. 318, 189 S.E.2d 705 (1972). If a finding of fact on this issue is supported by competent, material and substantial evidence in view of the whole record we cannot disturb this finding. State ex rel. Utilities Comm. v. Eddleman, 320 N.C. 344, 358 S.E.2d 339 (1987); N.C.G.S. § 62-94(b)(5) (1975). In this case the evidence supports the findings of fact by the Utilities Commission. The evidence that the elevated storage tank at Cabarrus Woods was built to serve 625 customers and there were only 261 customers at the end of the test year and 318 customers at the time of the hearing, is evidence that the entire storage tank was not used and useful at the close of the test period and would not be used and useful within a reasonable time after the test year. There was also testimony that the tank was built to serve not only customers within the Cabarrus Woods — 304 — subdivision but customers in two new subdivisions which were not part of the defendant’s service area. This evidence supported the Commission’s finding as to the Cabarrus Woods storage tank. As to the Brandywine Bay sewage treatment plant, the evidence that there were 111 customers at the end of the test year and the plant had the capacity to serve 375 customers is evidence which supports the Commission’s finding of fact that only 30% of the plant is used and useful. The evidence that the Danby/Lamplighter sewer plant, before its expansion, had sufficient capacity to serve its customers at the end of the test year supports a finding that this plant was not used or useful. CWS contends the Commission supported its disallowance of most of the investment in the Cabarrus Woods tank and all the investment in the Danby/Lamplighter plant by relying on the accounting concept of matching, which was error. Matching requires that future revenues and expenses be matched with the part of the cost of a plant put in the rate base which is to serve future customers. Its purpose is to prevent present customers from paying for that portion of a plant that will serve only future customers. The appellee says matching is authorized by N.C.G.S. § 62-133 which provides in part: (c) The original cost of the public utility’s property, including its construction work in progress, shall be determined as of the end of the test period used in the hearing and the probable future revenues and expenses shall be based on the plant and equipment in operation at that time. The test period shall consist of 12 months’ historical operating experience prior to the date the rates are proposed to become effective, but the Commission shall consider such relevant, material and competent evidence as may be offered by any party to the proceeding tending to show actual changes in costs, revenues or the cost of the public utility’s property used and useful, or to be used and useful within a reasonable time after the test period, in providing the service rendered to the public within this State, including its construction work in progress, which is based upon circumstances and events occurring up to the time the hearing is closed. (d) The Commission shall consider all other material facts of record that will enable it to determine what are reasonable and just rates. — 305 — This section of the statute directs the Commission to consider changes after the test period in costs, revenues, or property used and useful. These are factors used in matching. It is authority for the Commission to use the matching concept. We do not believe, as argued by the appellant, that the Commission used two mutually exclusive rate making theories when it held the plants constituted excess capacity and also held it would not consider a part of the plants used and useful after the test period because there was no evidence of revenues or costs matched with the plants during that period. The Commission has simply found what parts of the plants were used and useful at the end of the test period and refused to find a larger part of the plants used and useful at the time of the hearing because there was not evidence of matching costs and revenues. We also do not believe, as argued by the appellant, that the Commission has held that N.C.G.S. § 62-133(c) requires it to make matching adjustments. It requires the Commission to consider post test period usage of plants as well as costs and revenues. The Commission has to consider these factors but it is not bound by them. Nor do we believe, as the appellant contends, that the decision in this case is inconsistent with State ex rel. Utilities Comm. v. The Public Staff, 317 N.C. 26, 343 S.E.2d 898 (1986) (Glendale) or Utilities Commission v. Public Staff, 52 N.C. App. 275, 278 S.E.2d 599 (1981) (Ans-A-Phone). In Glendale this Court affirmed an order by the Commission which used salary expenses based on 1985 salaries rather than the test year of 1983. The Commission held that this more appropriately represented salary expenses than the test year salary expenses. The Commission rejected the Public Staff’s argument that if post test year salaries were to be used, post test year revenues must be used. We held that there was no correlation between the increased revenues and the post test year salaries. In this case there is a correlation between increased use of the plants after the test year and costs and revenues. In Ans-A-Phone the Commission allowed the cost of a machine which was purchased after the test year to be included in the rate base. The evidence showed the machine was not purchased to serve new customers but was to replace an older and more inefficient machine. There was no evidence of increased customers because of the new machine. — 306 — The appellant contends there is no evidence that the added post test period customers served by the Cabarrus Woods tank produced any revenues which can be attributed to the tank. We believe it is reasonable to conclude that if there were new customers they paid for the water, which would be revenues attributed to the tank. The appellant also contends that there is no evidence that the expansion of the Danby/Lamplighter treatment plant contributed to gaining the added customers. Whether or not the plant contributed to gaining new customers CWS wanted the Commission to hold that plant would be used and useful on account of these new customers. The Commission had the right to require a showing of matching revenues and costs. The appellant further contends that if post test period adjustments exist that reduce the revenue requirement, the remedy is to quantify the adjustments and recognize them in calculating cost of service. The Commission’s order is consistent with this premise. There was not sufficient evidence to quantify the adjustments and for that reason the Commission did not allow an addition to the rate base. CWS contends that the disallowance in the rate base of a part of the costs of plant expansion, because there was not evidence of matching costs and revenues, unlawfully shifted the burden to it of proving these factors. CWS, relying on Utilities Commission v. Intervenor Residents, 305 N.C. 62, 286 S.E.2d 770 (1982), says there is a presumption that it acted prudently in making the investments. It says that until some evidence of matching costs and revenues was offered, it had no duty to offer such evidence. We do not believe Intervenor Residents is helpful to CWS. That case dealt with the allowance of sums paid to affiliated corporations as expenses. In holding that the Commission’s finding of fact that the sums paid were reasonable was supported by the evidence this Court said, “[t]he burden of going forward with evidence of reasonableness and justness arises only when the Commission requires it or affirmative evidence is offered by a party to the proceeding that challenges the reasonableness of expenses allocated to it by an affiliated company[.]” Id. at 76, 286 S.E.2d at 779. Intervenor Residents deals with expenses shown by a utility and the proof necessary to support such an expense. In this case, CWS has asked that costs for post test year use of plants be included in the rate base. We hold that in such a case the Commis — 307 — sion may under N.C.G.S. § 62-133(c) require a utility to show matching revenues and costs. CWS says that N.C.G.S. § 62-133(c) imposes the burden on parties seeking to show changes after the test period to prove such a change and this is inconsistent with the Commission’s interpretation that it may reject evidence of an actual increase in the cost of the plant because the proponent of that evidence fails to provide evidence of a change in revenues or costs. N.C.G.S. § 62-133(c) only requires the Commission to consider post test period changes in used and useful plant. It also requires the Commission to consider changes in costs and revenues. If the evidence does not show what changes there may be in matching costs and revenues, the Commission does not have to allow additions to the rate base for a used and useful plant. The Commission said one reason it did not put all the plant expansion in the rate base was that CWS did not require developers or in the case of Brandywine Bay, the prior owner, to provide the capital for the plant additions. The rules of the Commission provide that a utility may require applicants for utility services, who require a main extension to serve a new subdivision or tract, to provide the costs for installing such a main. There was competent and material evidence in the record to support the Commission’s finding of fact without relying on this evidence. We believe the Commission could consider it under N.C.G.S. § 62-133(d) which requires the Commission to consider all material facts of record that will enable it to determine what are reasonable and just rates. CWS, relying on Utilities Comm. v. Telephone Co., 281 N.C. 318, 189 S.E.2d 705, argues that the Commission is laboring under the false impression that current ratepayers cannot be required to pay through rates for plant that can be used for future growth. That is not how we read the order of the Commission. As we read the order, the Commission allowed for capacity larger than presently needed which could reasonably be foreseen to be needed in the near future. In its last argument CWS contends the Commission violated its due process rights in the manner in which it disallowed the costs of the Danby/Lamplighter sewage plant. On the last day of expert testimony, a CWS witness testified on cross-examination that the Danby/Lamplighter sewer plant had been expanded by 500,000 gallons per day giving it a capacity of 650,000 gallons — 308 — per day. He testified further that this would give the system the capacity to serve 1,500 customers and there were 360 customers at the end of the test year. He said he did not know how much of the investment CWS proposed to include in the rate base. The Public Staff then moved that CWS be required to provide it with a late-filed exhibit as to this plant which would show unrecovered investment (investment minus tap fees and/or amounts paid by developers), the number of customers that were presently served and the number of customers that could be served by the facilities. CWS objected to preparing and delivering this exhibit, but it did so. The exhibit was put in evidence after the close of the hearing and the Commission relied upon it in disallowing the costs of the Danby/Lamplighter plant. CWS did not object to the introduction of this exhibit but in the motion for reconsideration it said it had been denied due process because it was not allowed to cross-examine as to this exhibit or to offer rebuttal evidence to it. CWS argues that it was denied due process because it did not have an opportunity to cross-examine as to this exhibit or to rebut it. We hold that we are bound by Utilities Commission v. Telegraph Co., 267 N.C. 257, 148 S.E.2d 100 (1966), to overrule this assignment of error. In that case, a party filed an exhibit after the conclusion of a hearing and the Utilities Commission relied upon it for a finding of fact. This Court held that the Commission could properly rely on the exhibit but said, “[unquestionably, Carolina thereupon had the right, unless waived, to demand that the hearing be reopened, in order to permit it to cross-examine witnesses for the Applicant with reference to data shown upon such ‘late’ exhibits, or to offer evidence of its own in rebuttal.” Id. at 269, 148 S.E.2d at 109-110. Pursuant to Utilities we hold that the Commission could receive the late exhibit with the right of CWS to have the hearing reopened for cross-examination and rebuttal. CWS did not avail itself of this opportunity and it cannot now complain. For the reasons stated in this opinion we affirm the order of the Utilities Commission. Affirmed.