McRorie v. Shinn

BRITT, Judge. In their brief, defendants state that the grounds upon which they rely for their right of ownership and possession of the subject lands are summarized as follows: (1) Chain of title from the common source, George M. Misenheimer, through valid deeds from the Commissioner-Executor, pursuant to special proceedings for the sale of said real property in 1907 and 1908 to make assets to pay debts, and from power of sale contained in the will of George M. Misenheimer, and mesne conveyances. (2) Curative statutes validating any defect in the special proceedings, G.S. 28-100, 101, 102, 103 and G.S. 41-12. (3) Adverse possession for more than twenty (20) years under G.S. 1-39 and G.S. 1-40. (4) Adverse possession under color of title for more than seven (7) years under G.S. 1-38. (5) Laches on the part of plaintiffs barring recovery by them. [479] Suffice to say, if the record establishes either of the five defenses listed above, defendants are entitled to prevail and the judgment appealed from should stand. We hold that defense (1) is sufficiently sustained by the record to entitle defendants to an affirmance of the judgment and it is not necessary for us to pass upon the merits of the other defenses. George’s will has been partially construed by the Supreme Court of .North Carolina in two instances. In Taylor v. Honeycutt, 240 N.C. 105, 81 S.E. 2d 203 (1954), the court held that Rosanna acquired a life estate under the will; the court specifically refrained from further interpretation. In McRorie v. Creswell, 273 N.C. 615, 160 S.E. 2d 681 (1968), the court held that Rosanna’s interest in a .60 acre lot was clearly a life estate, and that when she died her two children took the remainder in fee by clear implication. With respect to the validity of the 1907 and 1908 special proceedings, we begin with the premise that the regularity of the proceedings by an executor to sell lands to make assets to pay debts due by the estate of his testator will be presumed in the absence of evidence to the contrary. Wadford v. Davis, 192 N.C. 484, 135 S.E. 353 (1926). The validity of the conveyances pursuant to the 1907 and 1908 special proceedings must be determined by statutes and court decisions applicable at that time. Several statutes pertaining to judicial sales have been enacted since 1908 and court decisions based on those enactments have been rendered. Therefore, our holding to the effect that the deeds executed by Fisher, pursuant to the 1907 and 1908 special proceedings, passed good title to the subject property to defendants’ predecessors in title is based upon our interpretation of pertinent statutes and court decisions applicable at the time. The case of Carraway v. Lassiter, 139 N.C. 145, 51 S.E. 968 (Filed 26 September 1905), provides guidance for us in the case at hand. Pertinent facts in Carraway are as follows: Testatrix died in 1895, leaving a will devising her estate including an 1100 acre plantation to her minor granddaughter Inez for life, remainder to such children as Inez might leave surviving, and in default of issue, to the Oxford Orphan Asylum. Pursuant to a petition by the executor in which Inez, her husband, her guardian ad litem, and the orphan asylum were named respond [480] ents, the clerk of superior court ordered a sale of a substantial portion of the land to make assets to pay debts of the testatrix. After due advertisement the land was sold at public sale, the sale was later confirmed and deed dated 30 December 1896 was made to the purchaser upon payment of purchase price. On 7 November 1904, a petition was filed in the cause by Inez, her husband and their children, said children being- born subsequent to the decree of confirmation aforesaid. Inez died after the filing of the last mentioned petition; her children claimed title to the land as remaindermen after the termination of the life estate of Inez under the will. The court held that although Inez’s children were not parties to the proceeding that they were bound by the judgment ordering the land sold to make assets. In Carraway, the court appears to have made a distinction between a special proceeding to sell land to make assets to pay debts and a proceeding to sell land for some other purpose such as partition. We quote from the opinion: “If the proceeding had been one in which the life tenant had, for any proper reason, invoked the aid of the court to sell the land, as for partition, only those who were parties, either personally or by representation, would be bound by the decree.” However, obviously referring to the proceeding before it, the court said: “The proceeding is based upon the theory that the executor is by order of the court selling the lands of his testatrix which are subject to the payment of her debts, and the devisees or heirs at law are brought in that they may show cause why he may not have license to do so. If the petitioners had been In Esse at the time the proceeding was instituted it would have been necessary to divest their interest to make them parties. It cannot be that a person indebted may, by devising his lands, upon contingent limitations to parties not In Esse prevent their sale for the payment of his debts until all who may by possibility take are born or every possible contingency is at an end. Mrs. Carraway (Inez), for the purpose of enabling the court to proceed in the cause, represented the entire title, and children thereafter born to her are bound by the judgment.” We think Rosanna occupied the same position in George’s will that Inez occupied in the will in the Carraway case; and [481] that in the 1907 and 1908 proceedings to sell land to make assets to pay debts of the testator, Rosanna, “for the purpose of enabling the court to proceed in the cause, represented the entire title” as far as her children were concerned “and children thereafter born to her are bound by the judgment.” We do not consider it necessary to pass upon defendants’ contention that George’s executor was authorized under the will to sell without a court proceeding a sufficient amount of land to pay George’s debts. Plaintiffs’ contention that the 1907 and 1908 special proceedings were void as to plaintiffs because the femme plaintiffs were not represented by a guardian ad litem is without merit. In McPherson v. Bank, 240 N.C. 1, 81 S.E. 2d 386 (1954), it is said: “The rule is that, in the absence of statute, the capacity to be sued exists only in persons in being. 67 C.J.S., Parties, Sec. 30; McIntosh, North Carolina Practice and Procedure, pp. 228, 230, and 235. With us, in the absence of statute, an unborn infant cannot be made a defendant in an action and be represented by a guardian ad litem. Deal v. Sexton, 144 N.C. 157, 56 S.E. 691.” Our investigation fails to disclose the existence of any statute in this jurisdiction in 1907 or 1908 requiring or authorizing a guardian ad litem for unborn infants in a special proceeding to sell land to make assets to pay debts of a decedent. We are aware of Section 1590 of the Revisal of 1905 and the Revisal of 1908 but do not think they are applicable to a proceeding to sell land to make assets; it appears clear that they would be applicable to a proceeding to sell land for reinvestment of proceeds. Plaintiffs also contend that the 1907 and 1908 special proceedings were void as to them for the reason that the children of C. W. who were living at that time were not made parties to the proceedings; plaintiffs contend that if said children had been made parties, the femme plaintiffs would have had virtual representation. Although we think better practice would have been followed if C. W.’s children had been made parties and a guardian ad litem had been appointed for them, we do not think the failure to provide the femme plaintiffs with class representation rendered the proceedings fatally defective. Carraway v. Lassiter, supra. Beam v. Gilkey, 225 N.C. 520, 35 S.E. 2d 641 (1945). [482] At most the 1907 and 1908 special proceedings were irregular or voidable. It is well settled in this jurisdiction that the proper procedure for attacking an irregular or voidable judgment is by motion in the cause, 5 Strong, N. C. Index 2d, Judgments, Section 19, Page 38, and that such motion must be made within a reasonable time. Menzel v. Menzel, 254 N.C. 353, 119 S.E. 2d 147 (1961). It is admitted that plaintiff McRorie became 21 in 1941 and that plaintiff Burgess became 21 in 1938; the femme plaintiffs admit that they have lived in Cabarrus County in the general vicinity of the subject property during their entire lifetimes. Mrs. Burgess resided within sight of the property from the time of her birth until 1969, and they both had general knowledge of the improvements (valued at more than one million dollars) made from time to time upon the parcels of land deeded to the defendants. Plaintiffs’ contention that they had no right to bring any type of action to attack the 1907 and 1908 proceedings until Rosanna died in 1965 is not supported by decisions of our Supreme Court. In Menzel v. Menzel, supra, the court said: “It is true that the statute of limitations in an ejectment action does not begin to run against the remainderman until the death of the life tenant. ‘This does not mean, however, that such remainderman may not move to vacate a void or voidable judgment until after the expiration of the life estate. This he may do at any time if the action is taken seasonably and laches cannot be imputed to him.’ ” (Citations.) We think the femme plaintiffs waited an unreasonable time to attack the validity of the 1907 and 1908 proceedings, and the male plaintiff is bound by their unreasonable delay. For the reasons stated, the judgment of the superior court denying plaintiffs any relief and declaring defendants the rightful owners of the property in controversy is Affirmed. Judges Campbell and Graham concur.