State v. Virgo

Young, J. The defendant was tried and convicted upon an indictment charging ’him with keeping an-d maintaining a common n-uisance upon lots 11 and 12, in block 12, in the original townsite of Richburg, in Bottineau -county, and -he appeals from the judgment. The trial judge, in his instructions to the jury, after stating that the indictment alleged three methods of keeping and maintaining the nuisance, i. e., by keeping a p-la-ce (1) where intoxicating liquors [295] were sold, bartered or given away as a -beverage, (2) where intoxicating liquors were kept for- sale, etc., and (3) where people were permitted to resort for the purpose of drinking intoxicating liquors as a beverage, used the following language, which is assigned as error: “Intoxicating liquors, gentlemen of the jury, under our law, are liquors: First, of the nature of malt, or spirituous or vinous liquors which will intoxicate, or any preparation or concoction thereof which will produce intoxication; second, any liquors which contain any percentage of alcohol, if they are sold as a beverage.” Counsel for defendant contend that the latter part of the instruction is erroneous upon- any state -of facts, and we agree, with the contention. The instruction complained of informed the jury that all liquors which contain any percentage of alcohol and are sold as a beverage are intoxicating liquors under our law. The statute defining intoxicating liquors furnishes no warrant for this instruction. All liquors containing al-cohol are not intoxicating, and the statute of this state only prohibits the sale of intoxicating liquors; that is, liquors which will produce intoxication. The legislature has defined intoxicating liquors three times. In the original prohibition law, chapter 110, p. 30-9, Laws 1890, in section 6 (page 316), they were defined as liquors “that will produce intoxication.” This section was amended by section 1, c. 74, p. Ill, Laws 1895 (section 7598, Rev. Codes 1895), and among -other things a proviso was added to that section “that fermented and alcoholic liquors and mixtures thereof shall not be deemed intoxicating if they contain less .than two per -cent of alcohol by volume.” The latest definition is contained in chapter 96, p. 156, Laws 1897 (section 7598, Rev. Codes 1899), which read-s as follows : “All spirituous, malt, vinous, fermented or other intoxicating liquors or mixtures thereof, >by whatever -name called, that will produce intoxication, or any liquors or liquids which are made, sold or -offered for sale as a beverage and which shall -contain coculus indicus, copperas, opium, -cayenne pepper, pi-cric acid, Indian hemp, strychnine, tobacco, darnal seed, extract of logwood, salts of zinc, copper or lead, alum- or any of its compounds, methyl alcohol or its derivations, amyl alcohol -or any -extract or compound of any of the above ingredients, shall Ibe -held to be intoxicating liquors within the meaning of this chapter.” Under this section “intoxicating liquors” include spirituous, malt, vinous, fermented or other intoxicating mixtures thereof “that will produce intoxication;” also all liquors or liquids, sol-d as a beverage, which are compounded [296] from the drugs enumerated, that will .produce intoxication. The requirement that they will produce intoxication is common to both classes, as plainly as though the description clause was repeated in the latter part of the section. This construction is required by .the act of which this section is a part, and is entirely .consistent with the language of the section. The foregoing error requires a reversal of the judgment. The record presents a further question which will arise upon •the new trial, and' will therefore be considered. The defendant, in addition to his plea of not guilty, interposed a plea of former acquittal. To sustain this plea, he introduced in evidence an information, which had previously been filed in the district court of that county by the state’s attorney, which charged the defendant with maintaining a liquor nuisance on lot 12 in block 11, in the original townsite of Richburg; also a general verdict of not guilty. Upon cross-examination of several of the state’s witnesses, the fact was developed that their testimony was the same in substance as upon the former trial. At the close of the case defendant’s counsel moved the court to advise the jury to return a verdict “that the defendant had once been acquitted of the same offense.” This was denied, and the question as to. whether the defendant had been once acquitted of the offense for which he was being tried was submitted to the jury, and they returned a separate verdict that he had not. ' The refusal of the trial court to grant the above request is assigned as error. The assignment is without merit. The offense for which the defendant was being-tried was not the offense for which he had been acquitted. Upon the former trial he was charged with keeping a liquor nuisance upon block 11, and in the present indictment with keeping a nuisance upon black 12. The accusations charge different offenses, and it was not possible to make them the same, even by averment .and oral evidence. The plea of formal aquittal “is only available in cases where the transaction is the same, and the two indictments are susceptible of and must be sustained by the same proof.” Wright v. State, 17 Tex. App. 158. The rule of the cases is stated in Hite v. State, 9 Yerg. 357, 375, as follows: “To entitle a prisoner to the benefit of the plea of autrefois acquit, it is necessary that the crime charged in the last bill of indictment foe precisely the same with that charged in the first, and that the first bill of indictment is good in point of law. 1 Chittty’s Crim. Law, 453; 1 East’s Pleas of the Crown, 522. The true test by which the question [297] whether such a plea is a sufficient ibar may be tried' is whether the evidence necessary to support the second indictment would have been sufficient to procure a legal conviction upon the first. Archb. Crim. Pl. 88; Rex v. Emden, 9 East. 437. If the crimes are so distinct that evidence of the one will not support the other, it is as inconsistent with reason as it is repugnant to' the rules of law to say that they are so. far the same that an acquittal of the one shall be a bar to the prosecution of the other. Vandercomb’s Case, 2 Leach’s r. Law, 717.” The keeping of a liquor nuisance on block 11 is not the same offense as keeping one on block 12, and the evidence which would establish one would not be sufficient to establish the other. The offenses were distinct. This appeared upon the face of the defendant’s plea of former acquittal, and it was not necessary to submit the question to the jury. See Wright v. State, supra. (103 N. W. 610.) Judgment reversed, and new trial ordered. All concur.