In re Popp

William B. Brown, J. Two fundamental questions are presented in this appeal: (1) Should a petition for a writ of habeas corpus he dismissed because the petitioner has [144] been released from confinement? If the answer is negative, (2) does an indigent have the right to conrt-appointed counsel in hearings pursuant to R. 0. 5122.15 where he may be confined to a mental institution? Regarding the issuance of a writ, this court has held that “the purpose of a proceeding in habeas corpus is to inquire into the legality of the present restraint of the prisoner.” Page v. Green (1963), 174 Ohio St. 178. Since the filing of petition for the writ, petitioner has been released from confinement, and there is no restraint. Accordingly, she does not qualify for the writ. The Court of Appeals below concluded that the case was not moot, stating: “# * # ^yhen tfie case involves an issue which is of great public importance, i. e., when it concerns the duty and authority of public officials in a situation which is likely to recur, such issue remains vital even when the case becomes moot as to the parties. It might then be said that such a case is not moot, as to the public. Courts have frequently refused to dismiss such cases in order to retain jurisdiction to decide the important public issues involved, and for guidance of the public officials in the performance of their duties.” This court, in Wallace v. University Hospitals of Cleveland (1961), 171 Ohio St. 487, acknowledged the existence of the “public interest” exception to mootness but decided “# * * ^ jfoig case we should follow the usual procedure of deciding cases only as they exist between the parties thereto and refrain from the giving of an advisory opinion.” The court is taking the same path in this case. Even though the issue of right to counsel in commitment proceedings is of great public interest and touches the lives of many people, the court will not invoke the “public interest” exception to mootness because of the nature of the remedy sought. The writ of habeas corpus, as Justice Stewart said in Preiser v. Rodriquez (1973), 41 L. W. 4555, 4558, is a high prerogative writ “available to effect discharge from any [145] confinement contrary to the Constitution or fundamental law * V’ In concluding a historical development of the writ of habeas corpus, he said: “ * * * in each case his grievance is that he is being unlawfully subjected to physical restraint, and in each case habeas corpus has been accepted as the specific instrument to obtain release from such confinement.” So the nature of the relief afforded by the writ is to effect a release from illegal confinement. In the instant case, there is no confinement, and the issuance or refusal to issue the writ would not affect the petitioner’s freedom of movement. There are remedies to attack the collateral issues raised by petitioner, other than this high prerogative writ. Thus, for such purpose, a writ of mandamus or a mandatory injunction would be available as a remedy in a proper case. In light of the fact that the purpose of the writ is to release a person from confinement, the motion to dismiss the petition should have been granted. Since the first question posed in this case, regarding mootness, was answered affirmatively, there is no need to discuss the merits of the right-to-counsel issue. It should not be interpreted, however, that this court disagrees with the conclusion reached by the Court of Appeals on this issue, that: “In the light of the foregoing, and because a hearing under R. C. 5122.15 may result in a person’s being involuntarily incarcerated, we hold that due process includes the right to be represented by an attorney at the hearing. ’ ’ For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed, and the cause is remanded to that court, with instruction to revoke the writ of habeas corpus heretofore issued. Judgment reversed. Herbert, Corrigan, Stern and Celebrezze, JJ., concur. O’Neill, C. J., and P. Brown, J., dissent. '