State ex rel. Watkins v. Fiorenzo

Per Curiam. R.C. 2733.14 provides that when a respondent “in an action in quo warranto is found guilty of usurping, intruding into, or unlawfully holding or exercising an office, * * * judgment shall be rendered that he be ousted and excluded therefrom, and that the relator recover his costs.” “A public official * * * who is convicted of or pleads guilty to, theft in office [R.C. 2921.41(A) ] is [260] forever disqualified from holding any public office, employment, or position of trust in this state.” R.C. 2921.41(C)(1). A public official who is convicted of theft in office is statutorily disqualified from holding public office, and a writ of quo warranto will issue to remove the official from public office. State ex rel. Corrigan v. Haberek (1988), 35 Ohio St.3d 150, 518 N.E.2d 1206. Fiorenzo concedes that he has been found guilty of several felonies, including theft in office. However, Fiorenzo contends that the instant action is “premature since he has never been sentenced” and his motion for new trial has not been ruled upon. Watkins contends that R.C. 2921.41(C)(1) requires only a finding of guilt and not a concomitant sentence in order to invoke the permanent disqualification sanction. Fiorenzo relies on State v. Henderson (1979), 58 Ohio St.2d 171, 12 O.O.3d 177, 389 N.E.2d 494, for the proposition that the word “convicted” as used in R.C. 2921.41(C)(1) includes both the guilt determination and the imposition of sentence. In Henderson, at paragraphs one and two of the syllabus, we held that a defendant who has pled guilty but is awaiting sentencing for a theft offense has not been previously convicted of a “theft offense” within the meaning of R.C. 2913.02(B), and that in order to constitute a prior theft conviction, there must be a “judgment of conviction,” as defined in Crim.R. 32(B), for the prior offense. Crim.R. 32(B) provides that a “judgment of conviction shall set forth the plea, the verdict or findings, and the sentence.” Henderson recognizes that the term “conviction” normally includes both the finding of guilt and the sentence. State v. Carter (1992), 64 Ohio St.3d 218, 222, 594 N.E.2d 595, 599; State v. Poindexter (1988), 36 Ohio St.3d 1, 5, 520 N.E.2d 568, 572; cf. State v. Cash (1988), 40 Ohio St.3d 116, 532 N.E.2d 111, syllabus. However, the language of R.C. 2921.41(C)(1) specifies permanent disqualification from, inter alia, any public office in this state if the public official is either “convicted of or pleads guilty to, theft in office.” (Emphasis added.) Unlike in R.C. 2913.02(B), the General Assembly placed “convicted” on equal footing with a guilty plea in R.C. 2921.41(C)(1). Thus, the plain language of R.C. 2921.41(C)(1) requires only a plea of guilty to invoke the sanction of permanent disqualification. Therefore, we believe the word “convicted” as used in R.C. 2921.41(C)(1) logically refers only to a determination of guilt and does not include sentencing upon that determination. The Court of Appeals for Auglaize County in In re Forfeiture of One 1986 Buick Somerset Auto. (1993), 91 Ohio App.3d 558, 562-563, 632 N.E.2d 1351, 1353-1354, reached a similar conclusion in construing the phrase “pleads guilty to or is convicted” of R.C. 2933.43(C). Moreover, the public interest is best served by precluding the possibility of further illegal activities when an official has either been adjudicated guilty or pled [261] guilty to theft in office but is awaiting sentencing. Therefore, Fiorenzo was disqualified from his position as Trumbull County Engineer when he was adjudicated guilty of theft in office in November 1994. Similarly, R.C. 2921.41(C)(1) does not specify that a pending motion for a new trial must be ruled upon in order for the disqualification upon conviction or guilty plea to become effective. Given the interest in a speedy resolution of this case, see R.C. 2733.39, we allow a peremptory writ of quo warranto removing Fiorenzo from the position of Trumbull County Engineer forthwith. Fiorenzo’s motion to dismiss is overruled, and Watkins’s motion to expedite is granted. Writ allowed. Moyer, C.J., A.W. Sweeney, Douglas, Wright, Resnick, F.E. Sweeney and Pfeifer, JJ., concur.