Atlantic Coast Line Railroad v. Virginia Manufacturing Co.

Harrison, J., delivered the opinion of the court. This action of assumpsit was brought by the plain [6] tiff in error to recover of the defendant in error $548.80, freight charges, claimed to be due for several interstate shipments of goods, made at the instance and request of the defendant in error. The amount sued for was alleged to be the difference between the rate of twenty-one cents per hundred pounds, charged by the local agent, which was paid by the shipper, and forty-four cents per hundred pounds, the rate fixed by the plaintiff company, on file with the Interstate Commerce Commission at the time the shipments were made, and posted according to law. These shipments were all made in January, 1910, more than three years before this suit was brought. There is no dispute as to the evidence. ' The only question at issue is that raised by the plea of the statute of limitations interposed by the defendant company. An undercharge for the interstate shipment of freight being prohibited by the federal law, the question is whether the right to recover the difference between such undercharge and the lawful rate may be barred by the Virginia statute of limitations, and, if so, whether the bar applies at the end of three years or at the end of five years from the time the cause of action arose. Under section 6 of the act to regulate commerce, as amended by Congress and approved June 29, 1906, there can be no question of the right and the duty of the carrier to collect of the shipper, and the duty of the shipper to pay the rate fixed by the published tariff. “Whatever may be the rate agreed upon, the carrier’s lien upon the goods is, by force of the act of Congress, for the amount fixed by the published schedule of rates and charges, and this lien can be discharged and the consignee can become entitled to the goods only by the payment, or tender of payment, of [7] such amount. Such is now the supreme law, and by it this and the courts of all other States are bound.” Any special agreement for a less rate than that established by law is void. Texas P. Ry. Co. v. Mugg, 202 U. S. 242, 26 Sup. Ct. 628, 50 L. Ed. 1011. No limitation is prescribed by the act of Congress, but where that is the ease the statute of limitations of the State may be invoked as a bar to the claim sought to be recovered. In Hughes on Federal Procedure, p. 9, it is said: “The statutes of a State, in so far as they regulate substantive rights, and also in so far as they regulate remedies on the common law side of the court, are adopted and enforced by the federal courts where they do not conflict with the Federal Constitution and statutes.” This text is well sustained by the authorities cited in its support. In Ratican v. Terminal R. Association, 114 Fed. 666, it is said, citing a number of authorities in support of the statement, that, “The interstate commerce act prescribes no limitation of time within which actions based thereon shall be instituted, and, therefore, such actions must be governed, as to limitation, by the statutes of the State wherein they are brought.” There being no question of the right of recovery, or that the State statute of limitations may be pleaded in bar of such recovery, it only remains to determine whether the three year statute of limitation, relied on by the defendant, is applicable in the present case. The statute, Code, section 2920, provides as follows: “Every action to recover money . . . if it be upon an award or be upon a contract by writing signed by the party to be charged thereby, or his agent, but not under seal, within five years . . . and if it be upon any other contract within three years, unless” etc. [8] The contract in this case to carry the goods at the rate of twenty-one cents per hundred pounds was, as we have already seen, void. As soon, however, as the goods were left with the carrier, an implied contract arose on its-part to transport them to their destination, and on the part of the shipper to pay for such transportation forty-four cents per hundred pounds, the published rate for such service. It is clear that this is an action ex contractu to recover the balance alleged to be due from the defendant under its implied contract to pay the plaintiff forty-four cents per hundred pounds, the published rate for the transportation, of the goods. This being so, the lower court properly held that the three year statute, which provides the limitation to actions arising out of contracts, was applicable in the present case, and that when applied the claim asserted was barred. There is no error in the judgment complained of, and it must be affirmed. A firmed.