Barnett v. D. L. Bromwell, Inc.

Opinion HODGES, J. The question raised in this appeal is whether the Industrial Commission erred in denying the appellant, Harlene H. Barnett, total and permanent benefits for a work related injury to the brain that rendered her permanently unemployable. Mrs. Barnett’s application was filed under the provisions of Code § 65.1-56(18). The commission held that because her evidence failed to prove that the injury resulted in “incurable imbecility or insanity” an award should be denied. We affirm. The facts are not in dispute. At the time of Mrs. Barnett’s injury on March 3, 1980, she was employed as a part-time sales person of fireplaces and fireplace equipment. She was knocked unconscious for about three hours when struck on the head by a fireplace door and was hospitalized. Her injury was diagnosed by Dr. Charles Carroll, a neurosurgeon, as cerebral concussion, subarchnoid hemorrhage, chin laceration and left cheek contusion. Mrs. Barnett was discharged from the hospital on March 12, 1980, and continued under the care of Dr. Carroll. At the time of her discharge she was feeling much better, was coherent and ambulating by herself; however, within a week she began having difficulty expressing herself and had trouble remembering words. Mrs. Barnett’s condition continued to deteriorate and on October 7, 1980, based on a memorandum of agreement entered into by the parties, she began receiving temporary total disability benefits. On December 30, 1985, she filed for total and permanent disability under Code § 65.1-56(18) which provides: The loss of both hands, both arms, both feet, both legs or both eyes or any two thereof, in the same accident, or an injury for all practical purposes resulting in total paralysis as [554] determined by the Commission based on medical evidence, or an injury to the brain resulting in incurable imbecility or insanity, shall constitute total and permanent incapacity, to be compensated according to the provisions of § 65.1-54. (emphasis added). Between the date of injury and the hearing before the commission, Mrs. Barnett was examined and treated by a number of doctors including neurosurgeons, a neurologist, a neuropsychologist, and a psychiatrist. The physicians’ diagnoses were that she suffered aphasia, dyslexia and dysgraphia which affected her ability to speak, read and write. A speech therapist who worked with her for one and one-half years reported that her reading, writing and calculation abilities were so affected that she could not function in business.- Both a neuropsychologist, who performed tests to determine her I.Q., and a psychiatrist testified that medical classification of idiots, imbeciles and morons was obsolete and had not been used in diagnosing mental disorders for approximately twenty-five years. They agreed that the term imbecile, when used, characterized someone with an I.Q. between 25 and 49. The tests indicated that the appellant’s I.Q. was 85 in 1982 and 96 in 1985. No evidence was presented to support a finding that Mrs. Barnett was an “incurable imbécil [e]” and she made no contention that she was insane. After considering the evidence, the Industrial Commission in its August 15, 1986 opinion said: “[T]he degree of reduction of her mental capacities renders her permanently unemployable. We so find.” This finding is not in dispute and we agree that there was sufficient credible evidence to support this conclusion. Mrs. Barnett’s claim for benefits was denied, however, because she failed to establish that her injury resulted in “incurable imbecility or insanity.” The appellant argues that the proper legal standard should not be whether her injury caused her to be an “incurable imbécil [e]” but whether the injury left her unable to engage in gainful employment. In support of her position, she cites Virginia Oak Flooring Co. v. Chrisley, 195 Va. 850, 80 S.E.2d 537 (1954). In Chrisley the claimant sustained injuries to both legs. His physician [555] opined that he could not hold a job and earn a living but could probably do odd jobs around the house. His overall disability was rated at 75 percent. The court affirmed the Industrial Commission’s finding that this constituted total and permanent incapacity. The court said: “The legs were not lost in the sense that they were severed from the body, but for the total loss of use of both legs claimant is entitled to the same compensation as if they had been severed.” Id. at 856, 80 S.E.2d at 541. The court also held that the ability of the injured employee to engage in gainful employment was a proper consideration. Id. at 857, 80 S.E.2d at 541. Chrisley, however, is distinguishable from the case at bar. In Chrisley the court held that loss of use of claimant’s legs in his employment constituted for all practical purposes permanent incapacity. The statute covers “loss” of hands, legs, arms, feet and eyes. In Chrisley, the court was called upon to determine the meaning of the term “loss” and found that it was not limited to actual severance of the limb in question. However, in this case the language in the statute defining compensable brain injury is unambiguous. This court cannot construct a new definition for the statutory terms when the terms selected by the General Assembly are unambiguous. The portion of the statute dealing with brain injury does not describe loss of brain function; instead, it covers “[a]n injury to the brain resulting in incurable imbecility or insanity . . . .” Imbecility is a medical term and well defined. Even though the term may not have been used in the medical profession for twenty-five years, the General Assembly of Virginia saw fit to insert it in the law in 1970 by amendment. While we agree that Mrs. Barnett suffered a totally disabling injury to the brain which rendered her unemployable, we conclude that the Industrial Commission was correct in holding that it was bound by the specific language used by the legislature in Code § 65.1-56(18). If the language of a statute is plain and unambiguous and its meaning perfectly clear and definite, effect must be given to it regardless of what courts think of its wisdom or policy. In such cases courts must find the meaning within the statute itself. Temple v. City of Petersburg, 182 Va. 418, 423, 29 S.E.2d 357, 358 (1944). [556] Our duty is to interpret the law, not enact it. We are not permitted to rewrite statutes. Amendment to the law is a function reserved to the legislature. We cannot write new words into a statute but must interpret them as written. The argument that the term imbecile is outmoded or that the act should cover any brain injury resulting permanent incapacity should be made to the General Assembly, not this Court. For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the Industrial Commission is affirmed. Affirmed. Duff, J., concurred.