White v. Treibly

ROBB, Associate Justice. Appeal from a judgment in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia in habeas corpus proceedings discharging from the custody of Saint Elizabeth’s Hospital Charles E. Trei-bly, appellee here, Lieutenant Commander, retired, Medical Corps, United States Navy. The question for decision is whether a, retired officer of the Navy is still subject to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Navy, within the provisions of section 4843, R. S. (Comp. St. § 9301). The' “Government Hospital for the Insane” (chapter 4, p. 938, R. S.), was established in 1855. Its name subsequently was changed to Saint Elizabeth’s Hospital. 39 Stat. 309. Its objects are stated to be “the most humane care and enlightened curative treatment of the insane of the Army and Navy of the United States and of the District of Columbia.” Section 4838, R. S. (Comp. St. § 9292). While subsequent acts make provision for the admission of persons other than those indicated, the primary object of the institution remains the care and treatment of the insane of the Army and Navy, whose commitment thereto may be made by the respective heads of the Army and Navy Departments without judicial inquiry. 31 Op. Attys. Gen. 431. Section 4843, R. S. (Comp. St. § 9301), provides: “The superintendent [of Saint Elizabeth’s], upon the order of the Secretary of War, of the Secretary of the Navy, arid of the Secretary of the Treasury, respectively, shall receive, and keep in custody until they are cured, or removed by the same authority which ordered their reception, insane persons of the following descriptions: “First. Insane persons belonging to the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Revenue Cutter Service. “Second. Civilians employed in the Quartermaster’s and Subsistence Departments of the Army who may be, or may hereafter become, insane while in sueh employment. “Third. Men who, while in the service of the United States, in the Army, Navy, or Marine Corps, have been admitted to the hospital, and have been thereafter discharged from it on the supposition that they have recovered their reason, and have, within three years after such discharge, become again insane from causes existing at the time of such discharge, and have no adequate means of support. “Fourth. Indigent insane persons who have been in either of the said services and been discharged therefrom on account of disability arising from sueh insanity. “Fifth. Indigent insane persons who have become insane within three years after their discharge from sueh service, from causes which arose during and were produced by said service.” Commander Treibly was honorably retired from the Navy on or about November 27, 1922, and on October 31, 1923, by direction of the Secretary of the Navy, was committed to Saint Elizabeth’s Hospital. The superintendent of the hospital concludes his return to the writ in the habeas corpus proceedings as follows: “It is the opinion of the respondent that the petitioner is suffering from general paralysis of the insane, that he is of unsound mind, that he is unable to care for himself, and that he should be retained in the hospital for his own protection, as well as to protect the community from acts which he might commit as the result of his mental disorder.” Any officer of the Navy, who for 40 years [713] has been in the service of the United States, “may be retired from active service by the President upon his own application.” Section 1443, R. S. (Comp. St. § 2620). When a retiring board finds that an officer is incapacitated “for active service,” and that his incapacity is the result of an incident of the service, he may, with the approval of the President, “be retired from active service with retired pay.” Section 1453, R. S. (Comp. St. § 2632). When a retiring board finds that an officer is incapacitated for active service, and that his incapacity is not the result of an incident of the service, such officer, with the approval of the President, may be retired from active service on furlough pay, “or wholly retired from service with one year’s pay.” Section 1454, R. S. (Comp. St. § 2633). No officer guilty of misconduct is eligible to retirement. Section 1456, R. S. (Comp. St. § 2635). Section 1457, R. S. (Comp. St. § 2639), reads as follows: “Officers retired from active service shall be placed on the retired list of officers of the grades to which they belonged respectively at the time of their retirement, and continue to be borne on the Navy Register. They shall be entitled to wear the uniform of their respective grades, and shall be subject to the rules and articles for the government of the Navy and to trial by general court-martial. The names of officers wholly retired from the service shall be omitted from the Navy Register.” An officer on the retired list of the Navy may be assigned to active duty in time of war (Section 1462, R. S. [Comp. St. § 2652]), and with his consent, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Navy, he may “be ordered to such duty as he may be able, to perform at sea or on shore, and while so employed in time of peace shall receive the pay and allowances of an officer of the active list of the same rank.” Act of August 22, 1912, 37 Stat. 329 (Comp. St. § 2653). The status of a retired officer of the Army was the subject of inquiry in United States v. Tyler, 105 U. S. 244, 26 L. Ed. 985. Section' 1256, R. S. (Comp. St. § 2070), provides that “officers retired from active service shall be entitled to wear' the uniform of the rank on which they may be retired. They shall continue to be borne on the Army Register, and shall be subject to the rules and articles of war, and to trial by general court-martial for any breach thereof.” This section is the substantial equivalent of section 1457, relating to retired officers of the Navy. The' Supreme Court said: “It is impossible to hold that men who are by statute declared to be a part of the Army,. who may wear its uniform, whose names shall be borne upon its register, who may be assigned by then? superior officers to specified duties by detail as other officers are, who are subject to the rules and Articles of War, and may be tried, not by a jury, as other citizens are, but by a military court-martial, for any breach of tliose rules, and who may finally be dismissed on such trial from the service in disgrace, are still not in the military service. * * * We are of opinion that retired officers are in the military service of the government. * * * ” See, also, United States v. Morton 112 U. S. 7, 5 S. Ct. 1, 28 L. Ed. 613; Thomley v. United States, 113 U. S. 310, 5 S. Ct. 491, 28 L. Ed. 999; United States v. Frizzell, 19 App. D. C. 48. In our view, the decision in the Tyler Case is determinative of the issue here. Commander Treibly’s “incapacity is the result of an incident of the service.” Section 1453, R. S. (Comp. St. § 2632). His care and protection, while thus incapacitated and unable to act for himself, are the concern and duty of the government. His commitment, therefore, was authorized by section 4843, R. S., and it follows that the judgment must be reversed, with costs, and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded.