Kansas City Southern Ry. Co. v. Pinson

WALKER, Circuit Judge. This was an action by the defendant in error, a minor, suing by her next friend, to recover damages for personal injuries resulting from a hound dog, named Rock, biting her while she was in the waiting room of the defendant in error’s depot at Leesville, Louisiana, at about 3 o’clock in the morning of December 9, 1923, soon after two passenger trains left that station. The parties are herein referred to by their designations in the trial court. The plaintiff, accompanied by her mother, eame from Shreveport as a passenger on a train of the defendant. Upon their arrival at Leesville, the two went into the waiting room to see the ticket agent about their baggage and to ask him for information as to getting a taxi or service car to carry them to the residence of a kinsman. While plaintiff was at or near the ticket window, waiting for the ticket agent to come there, the dog bit her on the leg; the bite causing her to jump or turn with great force against the ledge of the ticket window, with the result that she sustained the injuries complained of. The plaintiff’s petition charged that defendant’s employees were negligent in harboring the dog at its depot and permitting it to remain around its station several months prior to the time it bit plaintiff, in failing to discover the presence of the dog in the waiting room and to cause it to leave that room before the arrival of plaintiff, and in failing to protect plaintiff from the dog. The allegations of negligence were put in issue. There was evidence to the following effect: Rock was owned by C. L. Adams, a resident of Leesville. He was accustomed to roam about the residence and business parts of the town, including a restaurant and several stores across the street from the depot. During several months prior to his biting plaintiff, he was frequently seen “around the depot.” He was seen frequently on the defendant’s premises with F. S. Ball, a special agent of the defendant, who was charged with the duty of protecting its property from trespass and theft. He was not a vicious or unfriendly dog when kindly treated, but would bite when stepped on or hurt, intentionally or accidentally. There was no evidence tending to prove that the dog was in the habit of being in the waiting room of defendant’s depot in Leesville, that he was enticed or knowingly permitted by any employee of the defendant to enter or remain in its depot, that he was ever seen in the waiting room prior to the night plaintiff was bitten, that the ticket agent or any employee of the defendant knew that the dog was in the waiting room before it bit the plaintiff, or how long the dog was in the waiting room before plaintiff was bitten. At the conclusion of the evidence the court refused a requested instruction to the jury to return a verdict for the defendant. The duty of a railroad carrier with respect to arriving or departing passengers while using a depot waiting room is not the same as that owed by the operator of a sleeping car to its sleeping passengers. Under [248] the law of Louisiana, of which we take- judicial notice, and which was not required to be proved, as suggested by counsel for the plaintiff, the defendant • was bound to use'' ordinary eare, or care in proportion to the danger likely to be encountered, to keep its depots in a reasonably safe condition for the use of passengers and intending passengers. Mills v. Illinois Cent. R. Co., 148 La. 217, 86 So. 750; Pere Marquette R. Co. v. Strange, 171 Ind. 160, 84 N. E. 819, 85 N. E. 1026, 20 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1041. But, even if the highest degree of care was demanded of defendant, it was bound to guard only against occurrences reasonably to be anticipated by the utmost foresight, and was not chargeable with negligence for failing to guard against an incident which was barely possible, but not reasonably probable. Atchison, etc., R. Co. v. Calhoun, 213 U. S. 1, 29 S. Ct. 321, 53 L. Ed. 671. The defendant was not liable for the injury to plaintiff, unless that injury in the way it occurred might reasonably have been anticipated by the defendant, acting through its employee or employees. The- mere possibility that a dog might get into defendant’s waiting room arid bite’an incoming or outgoing passenger using that room would not call into action a duty of the defendant to protect the passenger against’ that danger. Prokop v. Gulf, etc., Ry. Co., 34 Tex. Civ. App. 520, 79 S. W. 101; Texas & Pacific Ry. Co. v. Storey, 37 Tex. Civ. App. 156, 83 S. W. 852. We are of opinion that no phase of the evidence tended to prove that defendant was negligent in failing to anticipate that the dog Rock would be in the waiting room when a passenger had occasion to use it, or in failing to protect plaintiff from the danger of being bitten by the dog. The fact that a dog, not known to be vicious or disposed to bite or attack any one without provocation, had frequently been seen in the neighborhood of such a public place as a railroad depot in a small town, has no tendency to prove the probability of his getting into the depot waiting room, in which he- had never been seen before, and there biting a passenger. At most the evidence showed only a bare possibility of such an occurrence, and wholly failed to show negligence chargeable against the defendant in failing to anticipate that the dog would be in the waiting room and endanger a passenger therein, or to discover the dog’s presence there, or to guard against danger therefrom before the biting occurred. There being no evidence as to when or how the dog got into the waiting room, there was no basis for a finding that the defendant was chargeable with negligence in permitting it to be there, or in failing to discover its presence there before the plaintiff was bitten. Hotenbrink v. Boston Elevated Railway, 211 Mass. 77, 97 N. E. 624, 39 L. R. A. (N. S.) 419. We conclude that the allegations of negligence were, unsupported by evidence, and that the court erred in its above-mentioned ruling. Because of that error, the judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded for a new trial. Reversed.