School District No. 6 v. Smith

Mr. Justice McBride delivered the opinion of the court. 1. The conditions of the bond are for the individual liability of Smith, and not for the liability of a firm of which Smith was a member. The bond, being statutory, should be strictly construed, and sureties thereon have a right to demand that plaintiff shall bring itself fairly within its terms. Faurote v. State, 110 Ind. 468 (11 N. E. 472; State v. Hinsdale-Doyle Granite Co., et al., 117 Ind. 476 (20 N. E. 437). “A rule never to be lost sight of in determining the liability of a surety or guarantor is that he is a [588] favorite of the law, and has a right to stand upon the strict terms of his obligation, when such terms are ascertained. This is a rule universally recognized by the courts, and is applicable to every variety of circumstances. Its existence has'no doubt given rise to many of the expressions used by courts, when they have said that in construing the contract every intendment should be made in favor of the surety or guarantor, when, in fact, it should have no controlling influence at all on the construction of the contract. As illustrating the view of this rule, held by the courts, it has been said: ‘Where any act has been done by the obligee that may injure the surety, the court is very glad to lay hold of it in favor of the surety.’ Again: ‘No principle is more firmly settled in this State than this: That sureties may stand on the very terms of a statutory bond or undertaking. So clearly has this doctrine been announced and acted upon, that it may be regarded as entering into the condition of such an undertaking that it will not be extended by the courts beyond the necessary import of the words used. It will not be implied that the surety has undertaken to do more or- other than that which, is expressed in such obligation.’ Again: ‘It is now too well settled to admit of doubt that a guarantor, like a surety, is bound only by the strict letter or precise terms of the contract of his principal, whose performance of it he has guaranteed, that he is in this respect a favorite of the law, and that a claim against him is strictissimi juris.’ Again: ‘Nothing can be clearer, both upon principle and authority, than the doctrine, that the liability of a surety is not to be extended by implication beyond the terms of his contract. To the extent and in the manner and under the circumstances pointed out in his obligation he is bound, and no further. It is not sufficient that he may sustain no injury by a change in the contract, or that it may be even for his' benefit. He has a right to stand upon the very terms of his contract; and if he does not assent to any variation of it and a variation is made, it is fatal.’ ” 1 Brandt, Suretyship and Guaranty (3 ed.), Section 106. 2. Sureties in a bond, conditioned for the liability of a single person, are not liable for debts contracted by a firm of which that person is a member. 1 Brandt, Surety589 ship and Guaranty (3 ed.), Section 134, and cases there cited. An exception to this rule is in a case where the principal, after executing the bond, took in a partner, but where the goods furnished were all delivered to the principal and charged to his individual account. 1 Brandt, Suretyship and Guaranty (3 ed.), Section 137. The case at bar presents conditions the very reverse of those last referred to. Here the goods were furnished to the silent partner and charged to his individual account, and the evidence indicates would not have been furnished to Smith, the principal in the bond, upon his individual account. Whatever liability Smith may have incurred by reason of his secret agreement with Robinson, we are clearly of the opinion that the sureties on his bond are not liable. The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed. Affirmed.