Paine v. Wells

BEAN, J. — 1. The first ground of the demurrer is based upon several propositions, a portion of which we will notice. It is contended by the counsel for defendants that essential allegations are omitted from the writ and without them the writ does not make that clear case required by the law. The necessary averments in an alternative writ of mandamus are stated in 13 Ency. of Pleading and Practice, pp. 677-681, substantially as follows: That the pleading must show, at least prima facie, a clear right existing in the relator to have the thing done which he seeks to enforce. It must allege .the performance'of conditions precedent; it must show special interest and special damage, if any, to the relator; it must negative any facts which under the statute relied upon might defeat his right to maintain the action. We quote from page 680 of that volume: “The relator must show that it is the respondent’s duty, and that he has the power,'to perform the act sought to be enforced. The relator must allege the facts from which the legal liability results, and a pleading is had in substance if the duty does not in all cases result from the facts stated in it.” See, also, State ex rel. Good v. Johns, 170 Ind. 233 (84 N. E. 1); Hoxie v. Somerset County Commrs., 25 Me. 333; Ewing v. County Commissioners Court, 83 Tex. 663 (19 S. W. 280); Weir v. State, 161 Ind. 435 (68 N. E. 1023); 2 Spelling on Inj. and Ext. Eem. (2 ed.), § 1645; McLeod v. Scott, 21 Or. 94 (26 Pac. 1061, 29 Pac. 1); State ex rel. v. Malheur County Court, 46 Or. 519-522 (81 Pac. 368); High’s Ext. Legal Eem. (3 ed.), § 9. The petitioners base their right to the writ upon a school election at which they allege the tax levy was voted. The defendants make the objection that the — 700 — petitioners have failed to allege the holding of a legal meeting. Section 4083, L. O. L., provides that all regular and special school meetings must be convened by a written call stating the objects of such meeting, signed by the chairman of the board and the district clerk, or a majority of the district school board; and the directors shall cause the clerk to post the written notices in three public places in the district at least ten days before the day appointed for such meeting. Chapter 217 of the Gen. Laws of Oregon, 1915, p. 285, provides for a more adequate notice for school district meetings and for the publication of a budget. Section 2 of this act provides that: / “It shall be the duty of the district clerk of any district at least two weeks before a meeting is held, for the purpose of levying taxes to publish in one or more newspapers published in the district and having a general circulation, a budget statement of the estimated amount of' revenue required for the ensuing year for the maintenance of the school district, and in districts in which no newspaper is published the clerk shall post such budget on the door of the schoolhouse in said> district at least ten days before such meeting. It shall be the duty of the directors of any such district to make out and deliver to the district clerk of their district, an itemized statement of the amount of revenues which may be required for the purpose of carrying on the district schools for the ensuing year, which statement shall be signed by the board of directors at a legally called board meeting.” There is no allegation in the writ that the directors caused the clerk to post the notices. It is alleged that the notices were posted “in three public places in said school district.” It is objected that this is a mere conclusion of law, and that the writ should show where ■the notices wer’e posted. What appears to be the budget of the district is contained in the notice of the election, but there is no allegation that the budget — 701 — statement of the estimated amount of the revenue required by the district for the ensuing year was published in any newspaper, nor that there is no newspaper published in the district. These suggested defects could possibly be cured by amendment. We therefore pass them. 2. Chapter 206, Laws of 1917, p. 402, which gives to school districts the power to levy taxes, provides that a tax levied by a district of third class “may be reviewed and lowered by the district boundary board of the county.” For this purpose an itemized budget showing contemplated expenditures is required to be submitted to the county superintendent of schools. The authority to levy a tax given by the legislature to a school district of the third class is restricted by this statute. There can be no question of the sovereign power of the state through the legislature to control its school districts. There is no allegation in the writ as to whether or not the school district is a district of the third class, nor that the tax was not lowered by the district boundary board. From the amount received from the county school fund, and from the state school fund, mentioned in the budget statement, we think the district must belong to the third class. The brief of the defendants states that it was admitted by the petitioners upon the argument that the district boundary board had lowered the levy. 3. As we understand the averments of the writ, the county assessor did not fail to extend on the assessment-rolls all of the special tax voted by School District No. 25, but that he gave to the clerk “an incorrect certificate of the several amounts of special school taxes voted by the taxpayers of School District No. 25 of Morrow County, Oregon.” This conclusion is apparent from the allegation that the assessor “failed and refused to levy and extend on the present assess — 702 — ment-rolls of Morrow County, Oregon, the special tax voted on the twenty-seventh day of November, 1917,” when taken in connection with the other allegations. The writ does not allege that the assessor failed or refused to extend all of the tax, or in other words what part of the tax was omitted from the rolls is not disclosed by- the writ. If our construction of the averments of the writ is correct, then the writ should show to what extent or amount the assessor failed to extend the school tax on the assessment-rolls, and it should be averred that the school tax in question has not been lowered by the district boundary board, or else facts should be alleged showing that the boundary board had no authority to review the tax levy. In other words, the writ should negative the existence of facts which would excuse the performance by the county officers, of the acts sought to be enforced. 4. There is no allegation in the writ that the proposed tax would not exceed that of the preceding year by more than 6 per cent, nor is there any allegation that if the tax is more than 6 per cent in excess of the previous year’s tax, that there was a compliance with Sections 8 and 12 of the Act of 1917, Gen. Laws of Or. 1917, p. 192. This act provides for the manner in which an election shall be held to authorize an increase, if the tax levy is more than 6 per cent in excess of the preceding year’s levy, so that the tax will not come within the constitutional inhibition as to the amount. The act provides that before such an election can be held a certificate of necessity for the increase shall be prepared and filed by the school board. The writ discloses no compliance with this act. 5. The major obstacle in the way of granting the relief prayed for by the petitioners is that the writ was applied for at such a late date that it would create much — 703 — confusion and uncertainty in the levying and collection of the tax. The tax-roll under the law had passed from the assessor’s hands and a warrant authorizing the collection of the taxes had been issued and the tax-roll placed in the hands of the sheriff for collection. One half of the taxes upon the roll were due April 5, 1918. It is to be presumed that a large portion of the first half has been paid and receipted for by the tax collector. The writ was not petitioned for until more than three months had expired after one half of the taxes were due. Laches is a bar to mmdamus, and a petitioner desiring to avail himself of the benefits of such a writ must act promptly: Eastern Cherokees, 220 U. S. 83-87 (55 L. Ed. 379, 31 Sup. Ct. Rep. 373). It is well settled that application for a writ of mandamus must be made within a reasonable time after the alleged default or neglect of duty, and that laches or delay in making an application unless satisfactorily explained may afford sufficient cause for its denial, particularly when the delay has been prejudicial to the rights of the respondent: 18 R. C. L., § 286, p. 335; Alleghany County Board of Commrs. v. County Commrs., 20 Md. 449, 460. The writ charges that the assessor filed a false and incorrect certificate of the several amounts of school taxes, and procured a warrant authorizing the collection of taxes as shown by the certificate. The theory of the writ appears to be that the rolls are false and therefore illegal. It attempts to substitute for the rolls upon which the sheriff is collecting taxes a different roll in so far as the property in School District No. 25 is concerned. It is manifest that the change cannot now be made without causing great confusion in the transaction of the financial business of the county by the county officers, and tending to impede the — 704 — administration of the tax laws: Kinlein v. Mayor etc. of City of Baltimore, 118 Md. 576 (85 Atl. 679); McCormick v. City of New Brunswick, 89 N. J. L. 117 (97 Atl. 777); People ex rel. v. Olsen, 215 Ill. 620 (74 N. E. 785); Board of Education v. Common Council, 128 Cal. 369 (60 Pac. 976); Bibb v. Gaston, 146 Ala. 434 (40 South. 936). The facts in this case as disclosed hy the alternative writ are widely different from those in the case of State ex rel. v. Johnson, 80 Or. 107 (156 Pac. 579), relied upon by counsel for petitioners. The demurrer to the alternative writ should be sustained. And it is so ordered. Demurrer Sustained. McBride, C. J., Harris and Johns, JJ., concur.