Curry v. Pope

TONGUE, J. Defendant appeals from a judgment of tbe circuit court dismissing his appeal from a judgment of tbe district court. Tbat appeal was dismissed by tbe circuit court on tbe ground tbat defendant bad failed to file bis undertaking on appeal witbin tbe time required by statute. We affirm. ORS 46.250 provides tbat an appeal from tbe district court to tbe circuit court “shall be taken at the time and in tbe manner provided for taking an appeal from tbe justice’s court.” On appeal from tbe justice court to tbe circuit court an undertaking must be filed as required by ORS 53.040, which provides: “Tbe undertaking of tbe appellant must be given with one or more sureties, to tbe effect that tbe appellant will pay all costs and disbursements that may be awarded against him on tbe appeal. The undertaking does not stay tbe proceedings unless the undertaking further provides tbat the appellant will satisfy any judgment tbat may be given against him in tbe appellate court on the appeal. The undertaking MUST be filed with the justice within five days after the notice of appeal is given or filed.” (Emphasis added) Defendant filed bis undertaking six days after bis notice of appeal, instead of five days as required by ORS 53.040. Plaintiff filed a motion to dismiss tbe appeal upon tbe ground tbat it was not perfected as required by ORS 53.040. In support of tbat motion plaintiff cited our decision in Hulegaard v. Garrett, 251 Or 535, 446 P2d 975 (1968). [329] Defendant concedes that this court, in a series of six previous decisions, including Ilulegaard, and extending from 1886 to 1968, has held that the filing of an undertaking within the time prescribed by ORS 53.040 is mandatory and jurisdictional and that the circuit court has no power to extend the time for filing.① Defendant asks that we overrule these eases upon the ground that such a rule is “a trap for the unwary”; that it is a “court-made” rule; that in other cases this court has held similar requirements to be nonjurisdictional.② Defendant also contends that the rule is anomalous because the statute governing appeals from circuit courts to the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals (ORS 19.033 (3)) makes the filing of an undertaking nonjurisdictional by providing that the court has power to relieve a party from omissions in taking an appeal, including the filing of an undertaking, and that “there is no reason why there should be a difference in the procedures for appeal to the circuit courts and to the appellate courts.”③ [330] We do not disagree with defendant’s contention that there is no good reason why there should he such a difference in two appeal procedures. We cannot agree, however, that the desirability of eliminating that difference can justify the means by which defendant would ask this court to attain that result. We also do not agree with defendant’s contention that this is a “court-made” rule, subject to change by the court— at least in the usual sense and context. The problem in this case arises not only from the fact that the procedure for appeal from justice (and district) courts is a statutory procedure for appeal and includes a statutory requirement held by this court over many years to be a mandatory and jurisdictional requirement (i.e., that “must” means “must”). The problem also arises from the additional fact that the corresponding statutory procedure for appeals from circuit courts was expressly amended by the legislature to remove this “trap.” The procedure for appeal from the justice (and district) courts and the procedure for appeal from the circuit courts are both statutory. The justice court appeal procedure expressly provides (by OKS 53.040) that an undertaking “must” be filed within five days after the notice of appeal and includes no provision authorizing the court to excuse a failure to do so. The circuit court appeal procedure, however, was amended in 1959 to include, as OKS 19.033 (3), a provision which expressly authorizes this court to excuse the failure to file an undertaking within the period other [331] wise required. (Oregon Laws 1959, ch 558, § 6 (3), p 987.) In 1968 this court, in Hulegaard v. Garrett, supra, not only reviewed its previous decisions on this point, but also took note of the new provision in ORS 19.033 (3) relating to appeals from the circuit court and the absence of a similar provision in the statute relating to appeals from the justice courts. The court concluded, however, that the correction of this discrepancy between the two statutory procedures for appeal is a matter for the legislature, rather than one which can properly be made by this court.④ Accordingly, this court in Hulegaard adhered to its previous decision in holding that this provision of ORS 53.120 is both mandatory and jurisdictional. We are still of the same view. We may agree that it would be desirable that a similar change be made in the procedure for appeals from justice and district courts, so as to make the two procedures the same and. so as to remove this “trap [332] for the unwary.” Under these circumstances, however, we believe that any snch change must be made by the legislature by amendment to the statutes which prescribe the procedure for appeals, from justice and district courts and that in the absence of such an amendment such a change cannot properly be made by this court. For these reasons we again adhere to our previous decisions on this matter and therefore affirm the order of the circuit court dismissing this appeal from the district court. Footnotes [①] These cases include: Hulegaard v. Garrett, 251 Or 535, 446 P2d 975 (1968); Todd v. Bigham, 238 Or 374, 390 P2d 168, 395 P2d 163 (1964); Moltzner v. Cutler, 154 Or 573, 61 P2d 93 (1936); Nicholson v. Newton, 71 Or 387, 142 P 614 (1914); Gobbi v. Refrano, 33 Or 26, 52 P 761 (1898); and Odell v. Gotfrey, 13 Or 466, 11 P 190 (1886). [②] These cases include State ex rel Kalich v. Bryson, 253 Or 418, 453 P2d 659 (1969), and Stroh v. State Accident Insurance Fund, 261 Or 117, 492 P2d 472 (1972). See also Millard v. Mitchell Bros. Truck Lines, 261 Or 165, 492 P2d 783 (1972). But see Stiehl v. Green, 260 Or 315, 491 P2d 1183 (1971). [③] ORS 19.033 (3) provides: “After the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals has acquired jurisdiction of the cause, the omission of a party to perform any of the acts required in connection with an appeal, or to perform such acts within the time required, shall be cause for dismissal of the appeal. In the event of such [330] omission, the court, on motion of the respondent or, on its own motion, may dismiss -the appeal. An appeal dismissed on the court’s own motion may be reinstated upon showing of good cause for such omission.” [④] In so holding, this court said (at 541-42): “Since 1870 the law regulating appeals from the circuit court to the Supreme Court has contained a provision similar to OHS 19.033 (3) giving this court the power to relieve from the omission of any act, including the giving of an undertaking, required by the statute, save only the notice of appeal. See Hill’s Annotated Laws of Oregon § 537. The law regulating appeals from the justice of the peace court to the circuit court has never contained such a provision. ORS 53.120, to which we have referred above, has been in the law from the beginning, Deady 597, § 76, but is limited in scope. It does not cover the complete omission to perform a required act and applies only if a sufficient undertaking is filed, evidently with the consent of the court, before a motion to dismiss the appeal has been determined. “If there was a good reason for this distinction in 1870 we know of none today. In 1959 the legislature adopted a new and improved code governing appeals from the circuit court to the Supreme Court, ORS 19.0:10 to 19.190. Our consideration of this case suggests the need for improvement in the justice of the peace appellate code.”