Conger v. Chicago & Rock Island Railroad

Caton, J. The plaintiff granted by deed to the railroad company the right of way across his premises, upon condition that they should fence the road. The deed was accepted by the company, who took possession of the way granted, and constructed and used the road thereon, but neglected to build the fence according to the condition in the deed, within a reasonable time, whereby the plaintiff has sustained damages, for which this action on the case is brought. To the declaration showing these facts, a demurrer was sustained, which is the decision now complained of. We are well satisfied the court erred in sustaining the demurrer. It is true, the defendant did not join in the execution of the deed, and entered into no covenant with the plaintiff to build the fence, but it accepted the deed, which granted the right of way upon condition that it would make the fence. It took possession of the right of way under the deed, and thereby impliedly assumed, that it would perform the conditions expressed in the deed. By accepting and acting under the deed, a duty arose in the company to perform the conditions .upon which the .grant was made, and the violation of this duty was such a wrongful act as entitles the ] maintain this action. It may be that assumpsit mighe tained upon the implied promise to make the fence, b J means follows that the plaintiff may not treat the v| the duty which arose in the company to make the! tortious, and recover in this form of action. Indeed common, if not the most common, form of actioi peculiar kind of case. The case of Burnett v. Lynch 5 Barn. & Cress. 589, (11 Eng. Com. Law R. 597,) is a leading! this point, and is the only one of the numerous cases citl the argument, to which we think it necessary to refer.! the executors of a lessee had assigned the lease to the! ant, who accepted the assignment and enjoyed the In the lease the testator had covenanted to pay rent and! form other covenants, and by the terms of the assignm| assignee was to enjoy the premises for the unexpired pay the rent and to perform all the covenants in the lease! assignee did not execute the assignment, but he accejj subject to the performance of the covenants, and took sion of and enjoyed the premises under it. He failed form the covenants, for which an action was broughj recovery had by the landlord against the executors of the II who then brought an action on the case against the assign! his breach of duty in not performing the covenants in the The case was evidently considered with care, and the unanimously held that the action on the case was maintain^ Abbott, C. J., after expressing the opinion that covenant" not lie, but that assumpsit would upon the implied pror said: “ And I think that a duty did arise when the defend accepted the assignment of the lease subject to the perform^ of the covenants, and that as a breach of that duty has committed, a special action on the case may be maintain! The same conclusion was arrived at by each of the oíh¿ judges in separate opinions, and the principles of that decisiorl have not since been shaken. The numerous other decisions.! recognizing and sustaining it, both in England and this country,! need not be referred to. Upon the argument an objection was made to the damages! claimed in the declaration. The question made does not arise upon this demurrer. If there has been a breach of the duty which arose, to construct the fence within a reasonable time, the law will at least imply some damage, and that is sufficient to maintain the action, whether the plaintiff is entitled to recover for all the damages of which he complains or not. The judgment must be reversed, and the cause remanded. Judgment reversed.