Pirkins v. Rudolph

Mr. Justice Breese delivered the opinion of the Court: This was an action of debt upon a replevin bond, in the usual form, to which the defendant pleaded, that he signed the bond as surety; that by agreement of the plaintiff and defendant in replevin, and without his knowledge or consent, the action was referred, by order of court, to arbitrators, who made their award and reported the same to the court, without defendant’s knowledge or approbation, and that the court, by agreement of the parties, without defendant’s knowledge or approbation, entered judgment in the replevin suit, in accordance with the award, in favor of the defendant in replevin, and against the plaintiff therein, for the sum of two hundred and forty dollars and costs, whereby this defendant was discharged from liability by reason of signing the bond. A demurrer to this plea was overruled, and for default of other replication, judgment was rendered against the plaintiff for costs, who brings the case here by writ of error, and assigns this judgment as error. It is urged by the plaintiff in error, that the surety in such a bond, expressly stipulates that his principal shall prosecute his suit with effect and without delay, and make return of the property if the court so order, and save and keep the sheriff harmless, and that it is of the essence of his contract, to make himself answerable for his principal’s conduct of the suit, before it culminates in a judgment, and for his action after and under the judgment. Hence it follows, that the surety is bound by all the steps his principal may, in good faith, take in promoting the suit, and is bound by the result of the litigation thus conducted; and if the court had jurisdiction of the parties, and the subject-matter of the suit, he is bound by all the orders and judgments of the court in the cause. That the surety is bound by all the modes of adjudication within the sphere of the court, known to the law at the time the bond was executed, upon the principle that the law in force when a contract is made, forms a part of the contract. Upon the first point, reference is made to the case of Wills v. Griffin, 2 Head, (Tenn.) 568. We have not that book to examine, yet accord the general principle, as announced. We agree also, that at the time this surety bound himself, it was competent to parties to agree to refer any suit pending in a, court of record, to arbitration. The question then is, does the submission of a suit in replevin without the consent of the surety in the bond, discharge him ? The plaintiff in error contends it does not, and refers to the case of Moore v. Bowmaker, 1 Eng. Com. Law Rep. 417. We find the case reported in 1 Eng. Com. Law, 663, and the note of it is, that a defendant in replevin does not, by giving time to the plaintiff in replevin, discharge the sureties in the replevin bond, which is not the precise point made here. The point there was, that although by the reference to arbitrators time had been given to the tenant, there was no analogy in such case, to the case of a creditor giving time to his debtor, without the consent of the surety, as the surety had been deprived of no right, or placed in no worse situation, and it was not thought to have any resemblance to a case where the bail are prevented from surrendering the principal, since it is not in the power of a surety in a replevin bond to take the goods and restore them to the avowant. We find a case in 25 Eng. C. L. Rep. 53, Aldridge v. Harper et al., where it was held, it was no plea to an action against sureties on a replevin bond, that the replevin cause was referred to an arbitrator, and that he, without the knowledge of the sureties, gave time to the principal. That relief might be had on application by motion, or by a bill in equity. It is insisted by the defendant in error, that Moore v. Bowmaker, has been overruled, and he cites Bowmaker v. Moore et al., 1 Exch. Rep. 355. This was a motion for an injunction to restrain Moore from proceeding at law in an action on a common replevin bond against the plaintiff, the same case cited above. The court said, the question lay in a narrow compass. The bond was conditioned that the principal should prosecute his writ with effect against the landlord. The action of replevin is in fact entered; but afterwards, an agreement is entered into between the landlord and tenant, without the concurrence of the surety, whereby the tenant is precluded from proceeding according to the condition. By that agreement, a mode is chalked out for ascertaining and arranging their mutual demands, and in the meantime, all proceedings are to be stayed; so that the tenant is restrained, by the act of Ijhe landlord, from doing that which his surety has engaged he siiall do. It turns out that the same parties afterwards agree that the action shall proceed, so as to give the landlord his original remedy against the surety; but that is what we cannot suffer after wha.t has been done. When the agreement of reference was executed, the bond, as against the surety, was functus officio. On a review of these cases by the Common Pleas, the first two having originated in that court, Park, J., in the case of Archer v. Hale, 15 E. C. L. 42, held, that a reference of a re-' plevin suit, without the consent of the surety in the replevin bond, discharged the sureties, and this in accordance with the case cited from 1 Exch. Reports. Justice Park says, the cases from the Exchequer were never mentioned to the court, when they made the decisions in Moore v. Bowmaker, and in Aldridge v. Harper. This case of Archer v. Hale, affirming the correctness of the decision in 1 Exch. R, establishes the doctrine contended for by the defendant in error. In Coleman v. Wade et al., 2 Selden (N. Y.), cited by defendants in error, it was held, that where an award upon a submission between a creditor and principal debtor extends the time for payment by the debtor beyond that fixed in the contract, sureties for the performance of the contract are discharged. This is on the familiar principle that giving time to the principal debtor discharges the surety, for the reason, it deprives the surety of the privilege of paying the debt, and then bringing his action against the principal. We place our decision, however, on the ground that the surety in the bond undertook only that the principal would prosecute his suit with effect and without delay, and make return of.the property replevied, if a return should be adjudged. This undertaking, to prosecute the suit with effect and without delay, has express reference to its prosecution in court, before the court, and not privately, before arbitrators. Had it been prosecuted in court, as it would have been without this arrangement to arbitrate between the plaintiff and defendant, the court might have awarded a return of the property, which would have enabled the surety to take the necessary steps to effect a redelivery to the officers, or to secure himself, in some way, on the issuing of the writ of retomo hábendo. He did not undertake to pay a judgment for money, in amount equal to the value of the property replevied, and that without an investigation in court. These being the views entertained by the Circuit Court, its judgment must be affirmed. Judgment affirmed.