United States Express Co. v. Haines

Mr. Justice Scott delivered the opinion of the Court: This action was brought in replevin to recover a package of money containing $800, which had previously been delivered to the express company to be carried or forwarded to Austin, Nevada. It was consigned to Jonathan Haines, then at Austin, and delivered to the company at Pekin, on the 28th day of June, 1865. The package had not reached its destination when the consignee left Austin, about the 1st of September, and in consequence thereof it was ordered to be returned to appellee, and some time in November following appellant received it back from the Overland Stage Company, to whom it had been delivered to be forwarded, and without unreasonable delay it was sent to the office at Pekin. Appellee was notified of its arrival, and when he applied at the office for the package, he was told the charges on it were over $100—the exact amount perhaps was $102.72. He declined to pay the sum demanded, and, without offering to pay any amount, brought this action. When the officer served the writ and obtained the package, appellee told the clerk the charges were outrageous, and he would not pay them, but would pay a reasonable amount. The sum claimed to be due on the package was principally for money advanced to the Overland Stage Company for its and the Overland Mail Company’s charges on it, to and return from Salt Lake City, and from thence to Austin and back again. There is no complaint the charges to Atchison, as claimed by appellant, were at all unreasonable. There is no evidence in the record that shows the charges paid to the Overland Stage Company were unreasonable or exorbitant. Indeed, it is shown they were the usual rates. The aggregate sum demanded does seem high, but it must be remembered this was a money package, and had to be carried by stage coaches from Atchison to Austin, a distance of 1600 miles—the greater part of which was then an absolute wilderness, abounding in perils and dangers, and for a part of the distance a military escort was necessary. But there is no issue made by the pleadings, that the charges demanded were unreasonable, and it is not necessary to consider the point further. The defense set up by the- express company in its special plea is, it was only, by the terms of the contract, to carry the package from Pekin to Atchison, the nearest point reached by its lines to Austin, and then deliver it to another carrier to be forwarded, which it did do, and having received it back from the second carrier, by order of appellee, it could lawfully retain it until all charges had been paid, as well its own as those advanced to the other carriers. To this appellee replied, the company’s undertaking was to carry the package to Austin, and in consequence of its failure to do so within a reasonable time, he sustained damage in a much larger sum than that claimed to be due for services rendered, and offers to recoup so much as may be sufficient to extinguish the amount demanded for charges. In the receipt given it is expressly stated that appellant undertakes to forward the package “ to the nearest point of destination reached by this company.” It is conceded Atchison is the nearest point to Austin reached by the company’s lines, and having delivered it there to a second carrier, it is insisted appellant is discharged from all liability in the premises, and is not responsible for any delays that occurred, whether they were reasonable or unreasonable. Appellee, however, claims he never assented to the limitation of the liability of the company, and that he did not know, when he took the receipt, it contained any such stipulation. This is the only material fact in the case about which there is any dispute. The law is well settled, if appellee assented to the limitation of appellant’s liability as stated in the receipt given, then it became his contract as fully as if he had signed it, and he would be bound by its terms. Adams Express Co. v. Haynes, 42 Ill. 89; United States Ex. Co. v. Haines, 48 Ill. 248; Ill. Cen. R. R. Co. v. Frankenberg, 54 Ill. 88. This is one of the questions of fact submitted to the consideration of the jury, but- we are not entirely satisfied with their finding. From a careful review of the evidence, it seems difficult to reach any other conclusion than that appellee knew of and assented to the limitation contained in the receipt. He was expressly told, before he sent the money, the company’s lines extended no farther than Atchison, and at that point it would be delivered to the Overland Stage Company to be forwarded. This was enough to put him on inquiry as to the character and extent of the undertaking on the part of appellant, and if he did not in fact read the contract, he was certainly guilty of inexcusable neglect in that regard, and especially is this so in view of the fact that he is shown to be a man of large business experience. The neglect to read the receipt could be more readily excused had it appeared he was unaccustomed to such transactions. This is not a case where the company silently received a package marked to a point beyond the termination of its lines. The facts repel the idea that the company, by its action, induced the consignor to believe it would carry the package beyond the terminal points reached by its own means of conveyance. The agent expressly told him the company had no facilities of its own for conveying the package beyond Atchison, and it would there have to be transferred to another carrier. It seems almost impossible, from the evidence in the record, to resist the conclusion appellee knew appellant was contracting only to carry the package to Atchison, and consented that its liability might be so limited. If so, he is bound by his agreement, and appellant is in no way responsible for the delay that occurred in the transmission of the package to its destination. But if the finding of the jury shall be regarded as conclusive, as against appellant, of the question whether appellee assented to the limitation of its liability, there is still a valid reason why this verdict can not be permitted to stand. If it was the duty of appellant, under its contract, to see that the package was carried to Austin, and it failed to do so within a reasonable time, what damage did appellee sustain inconsequence of its failure? Ho special damage is alleged, and none is proven. The only damage he could possibly sustain, in the absence of proof of special damages, would be the loss of the interest on the money for a period of about three months. In no view could the interest for that period amount to the reasonable charges, as shown by the evidence, for carrying the package to Austin. If anything was due for charges, the company had a lien for the same, and appellee could not rightfully replevy the property until he had paid or tendered the reasonable charges due. The instructions given on the trial were far more numerous than the character or importance of the case required, and we can not undertake to consider in detail the objections taken to the same. Many of them are purely technical and wholly untenable. It is enough to say, if another trial shall be had, the court will require the instructions to be in conformity with the views expressed in this opinion. For the reasons given the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded. Judgment reversed.