Schwartz v. Messinger

Mr. Justice Baker delivered the opinion of the court: On September 17, 1895, Leon Hornstein, who did business as a printer in Chicago under the name of “Horn-stein Bros. ,”made an assignment under the statute for the benefit of his creditors, to Joseph H. Francis. Before his assignment Hornstein had a contract to furnish to B. F. Norris, Allister & Co. a catalogue, for the price of §3800. About the middle of July, 1895, Hornstein bought from appellee paper to the value of $1205.52 to use in making the catalogue. At the time this paper was purchased, and as an inducement to appellee to sell the same, Horn-stein promised to pay for it out of the proceeds of the B. F. Norris, Allister & Co. contract, and promised to secure the payment of said sum, together with the further sum of $800 which he then owed appellee, out of that contract. Afterwards, and in pursuance of that agreement, Hornstein, upon request of appellee, gave to him a paper, as follows: “For value received, we hereby sell, assign and transfer all of our right, title and interest in and to the stock intended for the B. F. Norris & Allister Co. catalogue to W. D. Messinger, the same being 305 reams, 36x48 S. & S. O. tint book, valued at $1200; and also we hereby sell, assign and set over, out of the work already done on said catalogue, and of the account against said B. F. Norris & Allister Co., the sum of eight hundred dollars ($800) to W. D. Messinger, it being the intention to secure to said W. D. Messinger the sum of two thousand dollars ($2000) out of said job. All of which is for value received. "Chicago, September 12, 1895. Hornstein Bros. , Leon Hornstein.” On November 1, 1895, appellee filed his petition in the county court of Cook county, where the assets of Horn-stein were being administered. The petition, as after-wards amended, set forth the above writing and the facts already stated, and asked the court to order the assignee to pay to appellee the sum of $1399.50, being the amount realized on the partially completed Norris, Allister & Co. contract, and which had been paid by said company to the assignee pursuant to an order of the court. The petition was resisted by the other creditors and the assignee, the appellants here. The court, after hearing the testimony offered, entered an order in conformity with the prayer of the petition. Appellants thereupon appealed to the Appellate Court, and said order was there affirmed. It is contended that the writing of September 12 was ineffective to create a lien upon the stock therein mentioned or the proceeds of the catalogue contract, and is not binding upon the appellants. From the language employed it is manifest that it was intended appellee should have $2000 of the money to accrue on the B. F. Norris, Allister & Co. contract. The instrument was intended to operate as an equitable assignment of $2000 of the proceeds of that contract, and it is sufficient for that purpose. (1 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 835, and authorities cited in notes; Bispham’s Principles of Eq. sec. 167; Peckham v. Haddock, 36 Ill. 38.) The instrument, being operative as an equitable assignment as against Horn-stein, is binding upon the assignee, for the latter took the property of Hornstein subject to all the equities that existed in respect thereof in the hands of the assignor. Davis v. Chicago Dock Co. 129 Ill. 180. But appellants contend that, even if said instrument could otherwise have any legal or equitable operation, it can have none here, because it would be an unlawful preference of appellee. The instrument was given in pursuance of an agreement between Hornstein and appellee made in July preceding, when the paper was sold and delivered, at a time when Hornstein had no thought of making an assignment, and was but the carrying into effect of that agreement. On the day of its date, September 12, Hornstein had not definitely concluded to make an assignment for the benefit of his creditors, and appellee had no notice or knowledge that he intended to make an assignment. They were both, at that time, in a position to enter into this transaction without violating the provisions of the Voluntary Assignment act,'—Hornstein to make and deliver the writing, and appellee to accept and rely upon the same. The instrument, therefore, was perfectly valid and did not constitute an unlawful preference. Before the debtor has determined to make a general assignment for the benefit of his creditors, he may, in good faith, sell or mortgage any part of his property or otherwise secure a creditor out of the same. And as to the creditor, he may, if he does not know that his debtor contemplates making an assignment, take a mortgage or other security for his debt, in good faith, and enforce the same. (Home Nat. Bank of Chicago v. Sanchez, 131 Ill. 330; Preston v. Spaulding, 120 id. 208.) The instrument appears to have been given and accepted in good faith, without fraud or collusion. It was not given after Hornstein had determined upon a general assignment, and with the intent to prefer the claim of appellee. The latter, as a careful and cautious business man, had obtained the promise of Hornstein, before he delivered to him the stock of paper, that he would secure to him payment of the purchase money, and as a diligent creditor he afterwards got the promised security. It is further contended that the trial court erred in excluding testimony offered by appellants showing the amount of money expended for labor upon the stock of paper in question to transform it into the B. P. Norris, Allister & Co. catalogue, and also in excluding evidence showing the amount of labor claims against the insolvent estate due and unpaid. It does not appear that the persons who performed labor in making said catalogues are insisting upon any liens upon the catalogues or are in any way contesting the right of appellee to the fund in question. Appellants have no claims for any such labor and have no right to said fund, and, consequently, the evidence was, as to them, irrelevant and immaterial. Nor was there error in excluding evidence showing the amount of labor claims against the insolvent estate due and unpaid. The statute provides “that all claims for the wages of any laborer or servant which have been earned within the term of three months next preceding the making of such assignment, * * * shall, after the payment of the costs, commissions and expenses of assignment, be preferred, and first paid, to the exclusion' of all other demands and claims.” The statute makes the claims of laborers preferred claims as against the general creditors, and not as against a bona fide purchaser for value. The funds referred to by the statute, and out of which said claims are to be paid, are funds properly in the hands of the assignee, and not funds to which he is not entitled as against one claiming adversely to him. The money in question did not belong to the assignee, but to appellee. There is no error in the record, and the judgment of the Appellate Court will be affirmed. Judgment affirmed.