McWhirter v. Newell

Mr. Chief Justice Magruder delivered the opinion of the court: The questions involved in this case, as presented by counsel in their briefs, are principally questions of fact. These facts both the master and the chancellor below have found in favor of the present appellees. After a careful examination of the record, we are of the opinion that the findings of the master and the decree of the court are sustained by the evidence. First—Counsel for appellant make five points, or take five positions in reference to the showing of the testimony as to the facts in this case. In disposing of the case we will refer only to these five points, as arising out of the errors assigned upon the record. The first and second points, so made by counsel for appellant, will be considered together. They are, first, that the records of 1?he village of Troy Grove do not show that this cemetery lot 14 was set apart, sold or devoted to the use of Thomas Newell, or that any of his children were buried on the north half of said lot; and, second, that the original entries on the cemetery books do not show that lot 14 was sold, assigned and set over to the deceased, Thomas Newell, as a whole. What was subsequently known as the village of Troy Grove was originally known as the village of Homer, and the cemetery, subsequently known as the Troy Grove cemetery, was originally known as the Homer burying ground. A record book was introduced in evidence, which had been made and kept by the trustees of the Homer burying ground from 1853 to 1871. This book showed Thomas Newell to be the sole owner of all of lot 14 in the burying ground in question during the period from 1853-to 1871. A witness, who was village clerk of Troy Grove¡ and had been for eig'ht or ten years, and who had the books, pertaining to the cemetery, in his possession, produced the book in question, and two others, as the village cemetery records of the Troy Grove cemetery. The name of Thomas New-ell was marked upon this book of records of the Homer burying ground as the owner of lot 14. The testimony, also shows that the book thus referred to was revised in 1871 by the trustees, and its contents were transferred into another book, and this other book was kept as the record of the cemetery down to the year 1886 after the incorporation of the village of Troy Grove. In this second book, extending over the period from 1871 to 1886, the name of Thomas Newell appears as the sole owner of the whole of lot 14. In a column for remarks in this book appears also the following statement opposite to, and in connection with, the designation of lot 14, to-wit: “Apparently empty; years ago two little children buried there.” In 1886 the records, of the burying ground were revised by one or more of the officers of the village of Troy Grove a second time. The officer, who made the revision, swears that, when he made out this third book, the name of Thomas Newell appeared as the sole owner of all of lot 14. There is testimony, tending to show that, after appellant took possession of the north half of lot 14, her name was written over that of Newell, but when or by whom it was done is not shown by the evidence. Newell’s name appears to have been scratched out and McWhirter’s name written above. The evidence, in our opinion, shows that Newell was recorded and recognized as the sole owner of lot 14 up to the time when appellant took possession of the north half thereof in February, 1890. No other person than Thomas Newell is shown by these books to have had any interest in said lot until some time after February, 1890, when the last record book appears to have been changed by some unknown person. One of the witnesses, who had been a member of the village board for three or four years, swears that he examined the records in regard to this cemetery, and did not find upon such examination the name of Sarah D. McWhirter in the records as the owner of this lot, or any part of it. The certificate issued to the appellant on March 24, 1890, is to the following effect: “Know all men by these presents, that Sarah D. McWhirter has paid to the clerk of the village of Troy Grove, the sum of §5.00 for the north half of lot 14 in Troy Grove cemetery, and is hereby entitled to all the privileges thereof.” This certificate was signed by the then president of the board of trustees of the village of Troy Grove, who died before the testimony was taken in this case, and also by the village clerk. The testimony leaves it somewhat doubtful, however, as to whether the issuance of this paper was ever authorized by the board of trustees of the village. The court below correctly found under the testimony that Thomas Newell buried two children upon said lot in the year 1856, and the third child thereon in the year 1859, and that at least two of them were buried upon the north half of the lot. The testimony also shows that, some years thereafter, a nephew of Mrs. Newell, the child of her sister, was buried on the south half of the lot. Mrs. Newell, or Mrs. West, herself died in 1892, and was buried upon the south half of the lot. The Troy Grove cemetery is a public cemetery, having been conveyed by the original trustees who laid out and platted the land embraced within it, to the village of Troy Grove, formerly known as the village of Homer. As it is a public cemetery, the sale'of lots therein does not pass to the grantees the title in fee to such lots, but thereby assures to the grantee a license or easement therein for burial purposes, so long as the cemetery shall be used for cemetery purposes. This license or easement becomes the property of the family of the original grantee of the lot upon his or her decease. The fee of the lots in such case remains in the trustees of the cemetery, or their grantees, the trustees of the village, in trust for the use and benefit of the association and of the lot owners. “Generally the right in the lot is an easement only, the right to use it for burial and cemetery purposes, but with no other interest in the fee.” (Perley’s Mortuary Law, p. 178; Buffalo City Cemetery v. City of Buffalo, 46 N. Y. 503; Hancock v. McAvoy, 151 Pa. St. 464). In Hook v. Joyce, (Ky.) 21 L. R. A. 96, it was said: “It seems to us burial of the dead is the only possession, where claimed and known, necessary to ultimately create complete ownership of the easement, so as to render it inheritable.” It is true that, in the case at bar, no monument was erected by Thomas Newell, or his widow and heirs, upon the lot here in controversy, but at least four members of his family were buried upon the lot before the death of his widow in 1892. The burial of these persons upon the lot could easily be ascertained, and was apparent and well known, and, during all the time from 1856 to 1890, the Newell family was recognized, and stood upon the records, as the owners of the lot. Second—Another point, made by counsel for appellant, is that Thomas Newell did not pay for the lot, and that, as he did not pay for it, he and his heirs were not vested with the license or easement in the premises with the rights and privileges therein for burial purposes during the period from the time of his original purchase to the year 1890, or 1892. It is true that the three record books, introduced in evidence, do not state upon their face that Newell paid for the lot. But he is poted in the proper column for that purpose as the owner of the lot, and the implication is that, being owner, he had paid for it. Moreover, the proof shows that in 1892, when Mrs. New-ell, the widow of Thomas Newell, discovered for the first time that the appellant had buried her husband upon the north half of the lot, Mrs. Newell, or some of her family, made complaint to the village board, and the board made an investigation in regard to the ownership of the lot. One of the village officials states that he examined the papers and books of the deceased Thomas Newell, and found an entry in Newell’s ledger that the lot had been paid for. The court below correctly found, under the .evidence, that the license or easement in question rested in Thomas Newell and his heirs-at-law for nearly forty years, unquestioned and undisputed by the trustees of said cemetery. In view of this fact, the ownership of the Newell family in the lot should not be disturbed, even though the record books of the cemetery do not state upon their face that Newell paid for the lot. There is testimony in the record, tending to show that the books were not accurately kept in this regard, inasmuch as other persons, who obtained lots in the cemetery and paid for them, failed to find the fact of such payment minuted upon the records. Third—It is furthermore claimed on the part of the appellant, that the court below erred in not finding that Thomas Newell’s heirs or family acquiesced in appellant’s possession of said premises to such an extent, and for such a length of time, as to constitute an abandonment of their rights and privileges therein for burial purposes. The finding of the master and of the chancellor below in this regard was correct. Neither Mrs. Newell, nor her children, knew of the interment of the body of appellant’s husband upon the north half of said lot until the spring of 1892, two years after the burial of appellant’s deceased husband. At that time one Keenan interred the body of a child on the south half of the lot. This action came to the ears of Mrs. Newell’s daughter, Mrs. Anna Wallace, and the latter took snch action before the board of trustees of the village of Troy Grove, as resulted in the removal of the body of said child from the south half of the lot. At the same time, appellee, Wallace, learned of the burial of appellant’s husband upon the north half of the lot, and made complaint in regard to the same to the board of trustees of the village. While, however, the family of the Keenan child consented to remove it, the appellant refused to remove the remains of her husband. A committee was appointed to wait upon appellant, and made her an offer to give her another lot, and to remove the body of her husband, and all her improvements, to such other lot without expense to her, but said offer was rejected by her. The evidence of the appellant herself shows that,, for years after 1892, applications were made to her by the Newell family to remove the remains of her husband from the lot. But during all the time in question the Newell family, as holders of the license or easement in this lot, resided in the vicinity of the cemetery where it was located. The trustees of the cemetery had no right to revoke the license or easement granted to the Newell family, or divert the lot to the use of any other persons than the Newell family. The trustees of a public cemetery have no authority, after having once set aside and devoted a certain lot to a certain person or his family, to subsequently exercise any acts of control over the lot in the way of applying it, or devoting it, or any portion of it, to the use of any other person, until the original grantee or owner of the license or easement in the lot, or his descendants and family have abandoned the lot, either by removing from the vicinity of the cemetery, or,by the extinguishment of the family as a component part of the community, or in some other way. We find no evidence in the record that amounts to an abandonment of the lot by the Newell family, or that amounts to an acquiescence in the use of the north half of the lot by the appellant. Fourth—Appellant makes the general objection that the court below erred in finding the equities of the case with the appellees, and in decreeing that appellees were the owners of the lot, and that appellant was without right, title, privilege or license therein. We think that this finding of the court below was correct, as appears from what has already been stated in reference to the objections of appellant, considered above. In addition, however, to what has been said, the proof shows that appellant had notice of the interest of the Newell family in this lot before she received the certificate issued to her on March 24, 1890. . Her husband died on February 19, 1890, and was buried on February 21, 1890. Her brother, a man by the name of Stevenson, who represented her, called upon one of the officials of the cemetery before her husband’s burial with a view of buying a lot for Mrs. McWhirter, and was informed that this lot belonged to Thomas Newell. The witness, testifying upon this point, states quite positively that the party, thus seeking to purchase a burial lot for the appellant, was informed that Thomas Newell owned the lot. The testimony also shows that, in digging the grave where appellant’s husband was to be buried on the north half of the lot, they dug into another grave which was already there, and which ,was evidently the grave of one of the children of the deceased Thomas Newell. The testimony also shows that some six or seven weeks before Mrs. Newell, or Mrs. West, died in 1892, and shortly after her discovery of the burial of appellant’s husband upon the north half of the lot, the appellant approached Mrs. Newell with an offer to purchase the north half of the lot, which offer was declined. All these circumstances, and others which might be mentioned, show that appellant had knowledge of the ownership of the lot by the Newells before the issuance of the certificate of sale to her, and that, shortly after she received this knowledge, she took possession of .the lot. For the reasons above stated, we are of the opinion that the decree of the circuit court is correct, and it is accordingly affirmed mDecree affirmed.