Glos v. Carlin

Mr. Justice Magruder delivered the opinion of the court:' This is a bill for partition, and for the removal of certain tax deeds,"as clouds upon the title. The final decree found that the parties, alleged in the bill to be the owners in fee of the lots as tenants in common, did own the interests claimed by them; and, substantially, there is no controversy upon the question of such ownership and the right of the .tenants in common to partition. The real controversy is between the tenants in common, owning undivided interests in the property, and Jacob Glos as to the tax deed of lot 24 held by him. Section 39 of the Partition act provides that “in all suits for the partition of real estate, whether by bill in chancery or by petition, under this act, the court may investigate and determine all questions of conflicting or controverted titles, and remove clouds upon the titles to any of the premises sought to be partitioned,” etc. (3 Starr & Curt. Ann. Stat.—2d ed.—p. 2925). In construing this statute, we have held that in a bill for partition, filed thereunder, the examination of title is not limited to the line of title, in which the tenants in common claim, but that separate titles, derived from other sources and claimed in other chains of title, can be brought before the court and investigated in such a proceeding, and that clouds upon titles may be removed in the partition suit. In such cases, the-court, having jurisdiction for the purpose of making partition, is authorized to proceed to settle questions of controverted titles between the parties. The Partition act thus allows two kinds of relief in relation to two different subjects to be sought in the same proceeding, to-wit, partition, and the removal of clouds upon the title sought to be partitioned. (Gage v. Reid, 104 Ill. 509; Mott v. Danville Seminary, 129 id. 403; Hughes v. Carne, 135 id. 519). Where a bill is filed for the purpose of removing a tax deed as a cloud upon the title, the burden of proof is upon the complainant to show that the tax deed is invalid, and not upon the holder of the tax deed to show that his deed is valid. Such has been the holding of this court in a number of cases. In Hyde v. Heath, 75 Ill. 381, it was held that, upon' bill filed to impeach and set aside a tax deed as a cloud upon the complainant’s title, the burden of proof is upon the complainant, and he must prove the allegations of his bill, and show the invalidity of the deed. (See also Gage v. Reid, supra; Gage v. Bissell, 119 Ill. 302; Gage v. Stokes, 125 id. 40; Gage v. McLaughlin, 101 id. 155). In the case at bar, the bill alleges that the tax deed of lot 24, held by appellant, was invalid for certain specific reasons, and it was necessary for the complainant, in order to remove such deed as a cloud upon the title, to prove that the deed was invalid for some one or more of the reasons alleged. It is well settled that the proofs and allegations must agree. “It is a familiar rule in equity that a complainant is not permitted to state his case one way in his bill, and make another and a different case by the evidence. He must recover, if at all, on the grounds stated in the bill. The allegata and probata must correspond.” (Terre Haute and Indianapolis Railroad Co. v. Peoria and Pekin Union Railway Co. 167 Ill. 296; Purdy v. Hall, 134 id. 298; Flinn v. Owen, 58 id. 111). Here, no proof whatever was admitted, establishing the invalidity of the tax deed. The complainant below, the present appellee, Nellie Carlin, introduced in evidence the tax deed itself. The court below excluded all the evidence, offered by appellee, and admitted simply the tax deed. . The decree, however, finds that all the material allegations of the bill are true; but this finding is without support in the evidence as to the most material allegation made in regard to the tax deed of lot 24. No proof whatever was admitted as to the invalidity of that deed. The theory of the chancellor below seems to have been that, because this was a partition proceeding, all the parties were required affirmatively to establish their respective titles, and that it was incumbent upon the appellant, Jacob Glos, to prove the validity of his tax deed, and not incumbent upon the complainant below to establish its invalidity; and the final decree was rendered upon this theory. We are not aware of any rule, which requires the proof as to the removal of a cloud upon title to be different in a partition suit from what it is in a suit, where the only relief sought is the removal of the cloud. If this were a bill merely for the removal of a tax deed as a cloud, and not for partition, it would not be contended that the burden of proof was not upon the complainant to show that the tax deed was invalid, because only in that way could he prove that the tax deed was a cloud upon his title, as alleged in the bill. Where the proceeding is for partition, an.d also for the removal of a tax deed, as a cloud upon the title sought to be partitioned, the same rule is applicable, that is to say, the burden of proof is upon the complainant to establish the invalidity of the tax title. There is no reason why the rule should be any different in the one case from what it is in the other. (Hyde v. Heath, supra; Gage v. Reid, supra; Gage v. Curtis, 122 Ill. 520.) It is said by counsel for appellees that there was here no finding by the court that the tax deed was a cloud, and no decree that it should be removed as a cloud. The court, however, finds in its decree that “Jacob Glos has no right, title or interest in or to said lots under the said tax deed, issued to him, or in any manner whatsoever.’ This finding is substantially equivalent to a finding that the tax deed was a cloud upon the title and should be removed, because the latter finding would have given no further or greater relief than the finding actually made. If Jacob" Glos had no right, title or interest in lot 24 under the tax deed issued to him, and the court made a decree to that effect, then appellees obtained the relief, for which they prayed, without the admission in evidence of any proof whatever as to the invalidity of the tax deed. The decree also finds that “Jacob Glos has failed to show or establish” any title. It made no difference whether he failed to establish or show any title or not, inasmuch as, under the allegations of the bill, and, in order to obtain the relief asked for, it was necessary for the appellees to prove that the tax deed Avas invalid. • We are of the opinion that the theory, upon which the' trial court proceeded in holding that the appellant Glos was obliged to establish the validity of his tax title, and that the appellees were not obliged to show its invalidity, was erroneous, and opposed to the current of authority in this State. For the error above indicated, the decree of the superior court of Cook county is reversed, and the cause is remanded to that court for further proceedings in accordance with the views herein expressed. Reversed and remanded.