Swigart v. City of Chicago

Mr. Justice Vickers delivered the opinion of the court: For many years the necessity for legislation for the city of Chicago which was not suited to the conditions of the people generally throughout the State has been recognized. Under our constitution prohibiting local or special laws this necessity could not be relieved, and various methods of meeting the required needs have been resorted to from time to • time by the legislature. For the purpose of simplifying the procedure and permanently relieving the situation the legislature of 1903 submitted an amendment to the constitution and at the November election, 1904, it was adopted by the people, the effect of which was to permit the legislature to pass any law, local, special or general, providing a scheme or charter of local municipal government for the city of Chicago. (See section 34 of article 4 of the constitution of 1870.) The validity of this constitutional amendment, and of the Municipal Court act passed by authority thereof, was sustained by this .court in City of Chicago v. Reeves, 220 Ill. 274. Since the adoption of this amendment the legislature is not restricted in the passage of local or special laws applicable alone to the city of Chicago in furtherance of the general purposes of the amendment, except such restrictions and conditions as are contained in the amendment itself. By the last clause of this amendment it is provided that no law passed, based upon it, affecting the municipal government of the city of Chicago, should take effect until such law should be consented to by a majority of the legal voters of the said city voting on the question at an election, general, municipal or special. It was by virtue of this amendment to the constitution that the legislature passed' the law now in question, and by virtue of the referendum clause that the election was held for the adoption thereof. By section 4 of part 1 the form of the ballot to be used in submitting this law to the voters of the city of Chicago is prescribed, and it will be found by comparison of this section of the statute with the ballot set out in the statement preceding this opinion that there was a literal compliance with section 4 respecting the form of the ballot. Section 16 of chapter 46, known as the Australian Ballot law, (Hurd’s Stat. 1905, p. 931,) reads as follows: “Whenever a constitutional amendment or other public measure is proposed to be voted upon by the people, the substance of such amendment or other public measure shall be clearly indicated on a separate ballot, and two spaces shall be left upon the right-hand margin thereof, one for the votes favoring the amendment or public measure, to be designated by the word ‘Yes,’ and one for votes opposing the amendment or measure, to be designated by the word ‘No,’ as in the form herein given: [[Image here]] The contention of appellants is, that the provisions of section 16 were applicable to the election held for the adoption of the law involved in this contest. As we understand the argument of appellants, it is that the amendment to the constitution referred to does not authorize the passage of a special or local law respecting any of the subjects enumerated in section 22 of article 4 of the constitution, nor in any other case, “when a general law can be made applicable,” and that since section 16 of the Australian Ballot law above quoted is a general statute on the subject of the submission of constitutional amendments and other public measures, the legislature had no power to provide in section 4 of part 1 of the law now under consideration, for the submission of this law to the voters of the city of Chicago by a special clause that did not require the substance of such measure to be clearly indicated on the ballot, as required by said section 16. When the power of the legislature to pass a local or special law is conceded, it is difficult to understand why the special law which is to be submitted to a vote of the people may not also provide a special or particular manner in which the same shall be voted upon. It is to be noted in this regard that the referendum clause of the amendment to the constitution does not provide any particular method by which the proposed law should be submitted to the legal voters of the city, the language in regard to this subject being: “No law based upon this amendment to the constitution, affecting the municipal government of the city of Chicago, shall take effect until such law shall be consented to by a majority of the legal voters of said city voting on the question at any election, general, municipal or special.” There being no limitations or restrictions in the constitutional amendment itself as to the form of the ballot to be used in voting upon any special law passed in pursuance of this amendment, and the legislature having express power to pass any law, local, special or general, providing for a scheme or charter of local municipal government for the city of Chicago, there can be no valid objection to a provision incorporated in the law to be voted upon, providing for the form of the ballot to be used in the election to adopt or reject such law. In the case of Harvey v. Cook County, 221 Ill. 76, an amendment to the law known as the “Torrens Land law” was submitted to the electors of Cook county. The amendhtory act voted upon provided that the question might be submitted in the following manner: “In any county of the first or second class, as the same are classified in the act concerning fees and salaries, on the petition of not less than one-half of the legal voters, to be ascertained by the vote cast at the last preceding election for county officers, or in any county of the third class upon petition of not less than twenty-five hundred (2500) legal voters praying the submission of the question of the adoption of this act, the clerk shall- give notice that such question will be submitted at such election, and shall cause to be printed at the top of the ballot to be used for said election: [[Image here]] At the election when the amendment was voted upon, November 8, 1904, the constitutional amendment permitting local or special legislation for the city of Chicago was also voted upon, and hence, under section 16 of the Australian Ballot law, a separate ballot was provided containing the submission of the constitutional amendment, and the question of the Torrens Land law amendment was printed at the top of the ballot containing- the constitutional amendment, instead of being on the regular ballot containing the names of candidates to be voted for at that election, and it was held that the amendatory act was not adopted for the reason that the question was not submitted in the precise way and on the particular ballot provided for in the amendatory act itself. The reasonable rule to be drawn from the decision in the Harvey case is, that when the legislature passes a law with a referendum clause in it, and in such law provides the method by which the same is to be submitted to a popular vote, the method therein provided must be followed, notwithstanding other general provisions of the statute may exist which would control the manner of submission but for the special provision. This view is further strengthened by the fact that in the Harvey case section 16 of the Ballot law was followed in regard to submitting the amendment on a separate ballot, and it was held that the language in the proposed amendment requiring the question “to be printed at the top of the ballot to be used for said election,” meant the regular ballot which would certainly and inevitably be used at the said election, and not the special ballot that happened to be used because of the submission of the constitutional amendment. We regard this case as a direct authority which settles the controverted questions adversely to the contention of appellants. The Municipal Court bill for the city of Chicago was passed by the legislature in 1905. That law provides an entirely new system of courts for the city of Chicago hitherto unknown to the judicial system of Illinois. The act contains sixty-seven sections, and is found in Session Laws of 1905, pages 157-186. The last section of the act provides a form of ballot to be used at the election in voting upon the act, as follows: “For consenting to an act entitled ‘An act in relation to a municipal court in the city of Chicago.’ Against consenting to an act entitled ‘An act in relation to a municipal court in' the city of Chicago.’ ” There was no attempt to comply with section 16 of the Ballot law, wherein it is required that the substance of the measure to be voted upon shall be clearly indicated upon the ballot, yet the law has been upheld in City of Chicago v. Reeves, supra, and while the precise objection here raised to the act now in controversy was not raised there, still the effect of sustaining appellants’ position here would be to overrule our decision in the Reeves case and nullify the Municipal Court act and unsettle the law with reference to other measures that have been passed in pursuance to the constitutional amendment above referred to. We are of the opinion that the act in question was properly submitted and legally adopted and is a part of the subsisting law in the city of Chicago. The judgment of the court below in sustaining the demurrer to appellants’ petition is therefore affirmed. Judgment affirmed.