Fletcher v. Root

Mr. Justice Dunn delivered the opinion of the court: The language of the will to be construed is as follows: “I hereby will and bequeath to my beloved wife, Emma Fletcher, all nay estate, real, personal and mixed, of whatsoever name and nature and wheresoever found or situated, during- the term of her natural life. At her death I direct that so much of nay estate as shall then be left shall be given to my sister, Mrs. Helen Root, wife of George Root, of Lanark, State of Illinois, or her heirs.” The appellee claims that the words “or her heirs” are words of limitation, and that Mrs. Root took a vested remainder in fee after the termination of the life estate. The appellants claim that the word “or” indicates substitution and that Mrs. Root’s interest was contingent, because if she did not survive the appellee she was to take nothing but the remainder would go to her heirs. It is manifest from the statement that the only object of the bill is to settle the legal title and that the case is therefore not one of which a court of equity has jurisdiction. No trust was created by the will. No instruction is asked or is necessary to direct the conduct of the executor. The controversy arises only out of conflicting claims to the legal title. “The law is well settled, where no trust is created neither the heir nor the devisee who claims only a legal title in the estate will be permitted to come into a court of equity for the purpose of obtaining' a judicial construction of the provisions of the will. In other words, where only purely legal titles are involved and no other relief is asked, equity will not assume jurisdiction to declare such legal titles but will remit the parties to their remedies at law, as declared in Strubher v. Belsey, 79 Ill. 308, and cases there cited.” Minkler v. Simons, 172 Ill. 323; Harrison v. Owsley, id. 629; Mansfield v. Mansfield, 203 id. 92. The jurisdiction of courts of equity to interpret wills arises out of the general jurisdiction of chancery over trusts. To insure the proper administration of a trust, courts of equity will, upon the application of anyone inter-' ested, declare the meaning of doubtful clauses in a will and give directions to enable the trust to be carried out according to its true meaning. But the jurisdiction for this purpose is incidental to the power over trusts. When there is no trust there is no jurisdiction. Whitman v. Fisher, 74 Ill. 147; Longwith v. Riggs, 123 id. 258; Harrison v. Owsley, supra; Strawn v. Jacksonville Female Academy, 240 Ill. 111. The cases of Ewing v. Barnes, 156 Ill. 61, and Strawbridge v. Strawbridge, 220 id. 61, are cited as cases which sustain the jurisdiction of equity to construe wills in cases when legal titles, only, are involved, The former case has already been overruled as to the construction put upon the will. (Glover v. Condell, 163 Ill. 566; Strain v. Sweeny, id. 603.) We now overrule its holding that the court of equity had jurisdiction to give the will any construction. In Strawbridge v. Strawbridge, supra, the jurisdictional question was not raised and the opinion says nothing about it. It is insisted that appellants waived the question of jurisdiction by failing to raise it in the court below. The same claim was made in the case of Mansfield v. Mansfield, supra, but it was held that the objection could not be waived in a case of this character. Consent can never give jurisdiction of the subject matter. “It is a fundamental principle that parties to a suit cannot, by consent, confer jurisdiction with respect to the subject matter of the suit by stipulation or consent, for that is fixed by the law and is consequently beyond the control of the parties. While rights may be waived and duties dispensed with, the law cannot be thus disposed of.” (Richards v. Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Co. 124 Ill. 516.) The case of Parsons v. Millar, 189 Ill. 107, is cited in support of the appellee’s claim that the jurisdictional question may be waived. But in that case, as was pointed out in Mansfield v. Mansfield, supra, the court had jurisdiction to construe the will, on the bill of one of the executors, to enable him to make proper settlement and distribution of the money on hand. The fact that appellee made the representatives of the holders of some unreleased mortgages parties and asked to have the mortgages canceled as clouds upon her title did not give equity jurisdiction of the entirely distinct subject matter of the construction of the will as between different persons claiming to be devisees. The decree will be reversed and the cause remanded to the circuit court, with directions to dismiss the bill as to the appellants for want of jurisdiction. Reversed and remanded, with directions.