Commissioners of Moredock v. Meyer

Mr. Justice Vickers delivered the opinion of the court: This is an appeal from the judgment of the county court of Monroe county confirming an assessment of benefits upon the lands of appellants and others in Moredock and Ivy Handing Drainage District No. 1, made for the purpose of raising the sum of $34,000 for the.purpose of paying for certain additional improvements and repairs upon those already made and to pay for right of way for the improvement. The assessment roll was filed January 19, 1911, and a notice published fixing February 28, 1911, for the purpose of having a jury empaneled in accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the Eminent Domain act, and “for a hearing before said jury upon all questions of benefits and damages to any of the lands in said district according to the statute.” On the same day that the assessment roll was filed the drainage commissioners filed a petition for condemnation, praying that a jury be empaneled to assess damages for the lands sought to be condemned and taken for right of way for the proposed ditches referred to in the petition. In the condemnation proceeding appellants filed a cross-petition, claiming damages to lands not taken. The petition for condemnation and the cross-petition are formal and no question is made in regard to those pleadings. The hearing on the assessment of benefits and damages, and also upon the condemnation proceeding, was set for February 28, 1911. On that day the condemnation proceeding was continued as to certain land owners until the 10th day of March following, and the hearing on the assessment roll was continued as to all parties until March 1, 1911. The parties to the condemnation proceeding as to whom the cause had not been continued proceeded to empanel a jury under the Eminent Domain law for the purpose of assessing damages to those land owners as to whom the condemnation proceeding had not been continued. This jury was empaneled for the sole purpose of assessing damages to the land owners upon the petition for condemnation. The condemnation jury was agreed upon and the evidence heard, and on the nth day of March the jury returned a verdict in the condemnation proceeding in accordance with the statute, which said verdict was received and filed by the court and the duties of that jury were at an end. The condemnation jury assessed damages to appellant Meyér in the sum of $1000 for damages to land not taken, and afterwards, on the 21st day of March, judgment was entered on the verdict of the jury and said jury was formally discharged from further service. At this time appellees were granted leave to withdraw the assessment roll from the files. Notice was again published fixing April 18, 1911, as the time when a jury would be called for the purpose of assessing benefits upon the assessment roll theretofore filed by the commissioners. In pursuance of this notice the clerk of the court drew the names of jurors, and they were duly summoned by the sheriff and appeared in court ready to discharge the duties required of them. Appellees, the drainage commissioners, then made a motion that the jury thus drawn and summoned be discharged, which said motion was, over the objections of appellants and other land owners, sustained and the jurors were sent away and an order was entered recalling the jury that had tried the condemnation case, and that jury was required to report on May 22, and the hearing upon the assessment roll was continued to that date. On May 22 the hearing on the assessment roll was continued again to June 14 because of the absence of one .member of the condemnation jury, who failed to appear on account of illness. On June 14 the condemnation jurors appeared, and, the parties being in court, counsel for appellees then stated for the first time that it was the purpose to have the condemnation jury pass on the assessment roll. Numerous objections were made by appellants to proceeding before this jury, among others that said jury had not been selected for any purpose except to assess damages to the land owners whose lands were taken or damaged by the proposed ditches, and that when that duty was performed said jury was discharged from further service and sent away, without any instructions or intimation that the jurors would be called back for the purpose of passing on the assessment roll, and that there was no authority of law for the court to recall the jury and require appellants to submit the questions arising under the assessment roll to said jury. All of appellants’ objections were overruled, and the court ordered the jurors to be re-sworn without any examination or any opportunity for examination as to their qualifications. This appeal is from a judgment confirming an assessment based upon the verdict of a jury thus selected. The action of the court in requiring appellants to proceed to an assessment of benefits before the jury thus provided is the only assignment of error that requires our consideration. Prior to the amendment of the Levee act, in 1909, the hearing of objections to the assessment roll was before the commissioners, under the supervision of the county court. By tlie revision of 1909 of the Bevee act sections 17a and 17& were added, which make provision for a hearing before a jury upon the commissioners’ roll of assessment of benefits and damages, which jury is to be selected in accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the Eminent Domain law. The statute provides that upon the hearing upon the assessment roll the commissioners and all persons interested in the lands to be affected “shall have the same right of challenge of jurors as in other civil cases in the county courts of this State.” The statute also provides that said jury shall be sworn to “faithfully and impartially perform the duties required of them to the best of their understanding and judgment and to make their assessments of bene-fits or of damages, or damages and benefits, as the case may be, according to law.” It would seem to be too plain for argument that the land owners could not be compelled to submit all questions in relation to the assessment of benefits and damages to a jury that had not been selected and empaneled for any such purpose. The right of the land owners to be present and participate in the selection of the jury to try and determine such questions as may be presented in relation to the assessment cannot be denied them by requiring them to accept a jury selected for any other purpose or in any other manner than that provided for by the statute. After the jury in question had discharged its functions in the condemnation case and had been finally discharged it lost its identity as a jury and the court lost its jurisdiction and control over that jury, unless it might be for the purpose of recalling it to make some formal corrections in respect to the verdict already rendered. In the proceeding here under review the county court seems to have regarded the condemnation jury as a permanent and continuing jury over which the court had control, and which was subject to be called in to discharge other duties in connection with the assessment of damages and benefits. We do not hold that where there are damages to be assessed for right of way and also benefits and damages under the assessment roll it would be error to call a jury and submit all questions to the same jury, but if such practice is permissible under the statute it could not be followed unless at the time the jury was selected and accepted by the parties it was understood that both branches of the investigation were to be submitted to the jury. The nature and scope of the questions to be submitted to the jury may have an important bearing upon the exercise of the right of peremptory challenges of jurors. In Vandalia Levee and Drainage District v. Vandalia Railroad Co. 247 Ill. 114, this court held that the rules prescribed for the organization of a common law jury applied to the selection of a jury under the Drainage law, and it was there held that a jury selected and empaneled to spread one assessment could not be called back for the purpose of spreading a second assessment, even though the latter was ordered before the former had been spread. We think that appellants were deprived of a substantial right in being required to submit the objections to the assessment roll to a jury that was not selected, empaneled and sworn for that purpose. In the brief and on the oral argument of this cause appellees- answ.er that this error is not shown to be harmful to appellants. We think this record presents a case where injury must be presumed to result from an error of this character. Appellants would have no means of showing, if they were required to do so, that a jury selected in the proper manner would have rendered a verdict more favorable than the one rendered by the irregular jury. It is enough to warrant a reversal that appellants have been deprived, by the rulings of the court below, of a substantial right guaranteed to them by the law. The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded.