Harmison v. City of Lewiston

Mr. Justice Boggs. The city of Lewiston adopted an ordinance which declares that a slaughter house shall be deemed and considered a public nuisance, and provides that any one who shall erect or maintain a slaughter house within the limits of the city shall, upon conviction, be fined not less than five nor more than fifty dollars. The appellants, upon trial before a jury in the Circuit Court of Fulton County, were found guilty of a violation of this ordinance, and adjudged to pay a fine of five dollars and cost, from which judgment this appeal is prosecuted. The only material question presented is whether the declaration of the city council in the ordinance that a slaughter house is a public nuisance, is conclusive of that fact. The Circuit Court instructed the jury that it was so conclusive, and that-tlie appellant should be convicted if it was proven that they had kept and maintained such an establishment within the city limits. Counsel for appellants insist that whether a slaughter house is or is not a nuisance is a question of fact depending upon its location, the manner in which the business is conducted, the house kept and cleansed, and many other circumstances; and that a city council has no power to conclusively declare any useful business or establishment a nuisance. The power of the city in this respect must rest upon the construction given to the seventy-fifth paragraph of section sixty-two of chapter twenty-four, Revised Statutes, which provides generally for the incorporation of cities and villages. This paragraph purports to give city councils power “ to declare what shall be a nuisance and abate the same, and to impose fines upon parties who may continue, create or suffer nuisance to exist.” It can not, however, be said that city councils are invested with power as broad and unconditional as a literal reading of the statute might warrant. A trade, occupation, establishment or thing useful in its character, and which in the common experience and observation of men is not a nuisance in fact, can not be conclusively declared to be a nuisance by the council of a city. There are other things and callings in their nature nuisances, and which the law recognizes as such, and these, it seems, may be interdicted by a city council, and, as to them, the declaration of the council is to be deemed conclusive. A slaughter house falls, we think, within the class recognized by the law as in nature nuisances. "Wait on Actions and Defenses, Vol. 4, 751; 2 Kent Com., 340; Watertown v. May, 109 Mass. 315; 16 Amer. and Eng. Ency., page 952; Catlin v. Valentine, 9, page 575; Brady v. Weeks, 3 Barb. (N. Y.) 157. In the case of Huesing v. The City of Rock Island, 128 Ill. 475, it is said, “ no argument is needed to establish the fact that a slaughter house in a city is an unwholesome business or establishment.” There are still other trades, establishments and things which are not in their nature nuisances, but which may or may not be so, depending upon many circumstances and conditions, and it is among them that counsel for appellants insist slaughter houses should be classed. Counsel further insist that as to all such trades or things which may or may not be nuisances, the declaration of a city council is not conclusive; but that whether the particular trade or thing be a nuisance is a question of fact to be determined by evidence, as any other fact. Upon this question this court feels concluded by the clear and unmistakable holding of our Supreme Court in the case of North Chicago Railroad Co. v. Lake, 105 Ill. 207, where it is said : “ In doubtful cases, where a thing may or may not be a nuisance depending upon a variety of circumstances requiring judgment and discretion on the part of the town authorities in exercising ’their legislative functions under a general delegation of power like the one we are considering, their action under such circumstances would be conclusive of the question.” The objections sought to be urged in this court against the admission of the ordinance in evidence, were not raised in the Circuit Court and are not of a character that may be first pointed out in this court. The appellant Sheets joined in the appeal taken from the judgment rendered in the justice’s court, and it.is therefore wholly immaterial whether he was legally served or served at all with summons to appear before the justice. The appellants have no cause to complain, that the amount of the fine is not as great as the minimum provided by the . ordinance. If this is an error it is in appellants’ favor. The judgment must be affirmed. Judgment affirmed.