Smith v. Michigan Buggy Co.

Mr. Justice Waterman deliveeed the opinion oe the Couet. To the maintaining of an action for malicious prosecution, two things must concur: First, that there was a want of probable cause for the prosecution; second, that it was malicious. Malice may be inferred from a want of probable cause, but want of probable cause can not be inferred from malice. The result of the action in Michigan establishes that the plaintiff therein had not a good cause of action, but does not establish that such plaintiff did not have probable cause. Harpham et al. v. Whitney, 77 Ill. 32; Wade v. Walden, 23 Ill. 425. Upon the trial of the present action, the plaintiff testified that prior to his employment by the defendant, he wrote to them as follows: “June 8, 1891. Hon. M. H. Lane, Kalamazoo, Mich. Deas Sib : Since talking with you Friday, I have given the matter then under consideration a good deal of thought and deem it best to give you my conclusions at some length so that you may not think I fail to appreciate your courtesy. My object in applying to you in the first place was to ascertain if you did not have an opening for a manager of your Chicago branch. I understood indirectly that there was such an opening, and I felt that with my experience -and knowledge of the carriage business I was qualified to fill the position satisfactorily to your company and with .credit to myself. Ton made other arrangements, and the question of traveling on the road came up. While in the employ of the Abbott Buggy Company I traveled Illinois from the 10th of July, 1889, to the loth of September, 1890, inclusive, and my sales aggregated $61,758.50 from personal solicitation; much of my time during this period was put in in the office, so that a close canvass of my territory was not possible. The carriage business is my chosen business, and other things being equal, I would prefer it to anything else. It is a business that I know something about, and it is congenial; but if my services on the road or off of it are not worth $1,800 a year, as evidenced by my past success, the fault is in the business and -not in me, and the sooner I divorce myself from it the better off I shall be.” Appellant also testified as follows: . “ Q. Did you send a letter from Mr. Abbott with that letter? “ A. I did, and mailed it to the Michigan Buggy Company. It was in reference to my ability as a salesman. The purport of it was that I had been employed by the Abbott Buggy Company and was a first class salesman.” Plaintiff was thereafter employed as a traveling salesman for two years, at a salary of $1,500 and expenses for the first year, and $1,800 and expenses for the second year. The declaration of the Michigan Buggy Company, in the action by it brought, set forth, among other things, that prior to the employment by it of appellant, he represented to it that he had been engaged by the Abbott Buggy Company in canvassing for and selling the buggies and carriages of the said Abbott Buggy Company in the State of Illinois, to different customers and persons, throughout the said State, and that during each of said two years he had sold for the said Abbott Buggy Company to different persons and customers throughout the State of Illinois, buggies and carriages of the market value as sold by him, of from $60,000 to $65,000 wmrth each year. And that he was well acquainted with the trade in said State of Illinois, in which he had been selling buggies and carriages; that the parties with whom he had been dealing for the aforesaid two years in the selling of said buggies and carriages were his friends and acquaintances, and that he controlled their trade in that line of business, and that by reason of his controlling their trade, he could, if plaintiff would employ him, procure such friends and acquaintances to purchase of plaintiff instead of said Abbott Buggy Co., its goods, buggies and carriages to the extent of $60,000 to $65,000 per year; that he was a first class salesman of buggies and carriages, and that he could sell more in said territory of Illinois than an ordinary salesman could, and that if the said plaintiff would employ him, he would procure his aforesaid friends and acquaintances to purchase plaintiff’s goods; all of which represen tations _ and statements made by the said defendant the said plaintiff, to wit, at the time aforesaid, believed to be true. Plaintiff avers that from its experience the usual cost of selling goods manufactured by it is from five to eight per cent of the selling price; that the salary agreed to be paid by it to the said defendant in said written contract was a large salary for a first class salesman or traveling man in that particular line of business. That after making the said contract, defendant commenced his labors thereunder; that he continued thereafter for the space of, to wit, seven months, during which time the defendant sold for said plaintiff buggies and carriages of the market value of not to exceed, to wit, $3,500. That during said time plaintiff paid to said defendant under its aforesaid contract a large sum of money, to wit, the sum of $2,000. Plaintiff further avers that the same was paid upon the belief on the part of the plaintiff that the representations and statements of the said defendant hereinbefore set forth, and which were the inducements upon which said contract was founded, were true, and it had no further information upon the subject but that the same were true as stated. And the plaintiff avers that such statements so made by the said defendant to the said plaintiff, as aforesaid, for the purpose of obtaining the aforesaid employment, and for the purpose of obtaining by defendant his salary and expenses of such employment, were not in fact true. Upon the trial of the present action, appellant testified in reference to how the amount claimed by him to have been sold by him for the Abbott Buggy Co. was made up. “ Q. How, when a man came in from anywhere and goods were sold by you in the house, you called that a sale too, did not you, by you? A. Yes, sir, I think I did and put that into the $61,000. I did not put it in if any one else immediately under me made the sale. When I had my talk with Mr. Lane about my employment, I did not tell him that these orders that were sent in there or where I was sent out to make special sales were credited to me as part of the sales. I did not say anything about that feature of it.” Appellant did not, upon the trial of this case, show that the Michigan Buggy Company had not probable cause for bringing its action. The only question then left for consideration is, whether appellant can recover for having, as he says, been enticed into the State of Michigan in order that process might there be served upon him. We are not aware of any precedent for such an action. It has been well said that the absence of and precedent for a particular action, is strong evidence that it is not maintainable. It is manifest that if appellant can maintain an action for such enticement, the suit would have been well brought, although in the action in Michigan it had been found that the Michigan Buggy Company had a good cause of action, and had obtained judgment against him. Malice alone will not support an action for malicious prosecution; neither will a mere enticement into another State where there is detention of neither person nor property. The weight of authority is, that an action for malicious prosecution can not be maintained for the mere bringing of one civil suit. He well on Malicious Prosecution, 3, Secs. 1 and 36; Cooley on Torts, Ed. of 1879, 180; Meyer v. Walter, 64 Pa. 289. The judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed.