Gillam v. Nussbaum

Mr. Justice Windes delivered the opinion of the court. Ho question is raised by appellant as to the findings of fact in the decree, but it is claimed the chancellor erred in his conclusions of law, in not denying the claim and lien of appellees by virtue1 of their judgment against Chandler & Bennett, the execution thereon and levy thereunder upon the firm property of Chandler & Bennett, in not approving the receiver’s final report, and discharging him. It seems to be well settled that the title to property is not affected by the appointment of a receiver — that he gets, by virtue of his appointment over partnership property, only such title as the partners had, and takes it subject to all valid and subsisting liens thereon. In High on Receivers, Sec. 495 (3d Ed.), the author says : “The jurisdiction of equity over the affairs of insolvent partnerships, by the appointment of receivers, will not be exercised in such manner as to interfere with the rights of creditors, which have ripened into liens upon the firm property, by use of diligence before the receiver’s appointment; and the levy of an execution by the judgment creditor of the firm, upon partnership property, before the order appointing a receiver, will not be overreached by such order, and the subsequent appointment of a receiver will not deprive the execution creditor of the rights acquired by his levy.” In Chicago Title & Trust Co. v. Smith, 158 Ill. 417-25, the court say : “A receiver’s possession is subject to all valid and existing liens upon the property at the time of his appointment, and does not divest a lien personally acquired in good faith. He can not have the right to take possession of property and hold the same where the owner of the estate for which he is receiver would have no right to do so. A court of equity is bound to respect legal rights and preferences lawfully acquired,and make distribution accordingly.” The title of an assignee in case of a voluntary assignment for creditors, is similar to that of a receiver. Of such title the Supreme Court in Hooven, etc., Co. v. Burdette, 153 Ill. 672-9, says: “ The rule is well settled that the assignee of a failing debtor takes the property assigned subject to all equities, liens or incumbrances which existed against the same in the hands ol' the insolvent ” (citing numerous cases). The court held in that case, however, that although the lienholder’s claim was superior to claims for indebtedness incurred by the assignee in continuing the business of the insolvent by order of the County Court, that as the property passed to the hands of the assignee, the lienors not insisting that it be turned over to them, and having consented to a sale thereof, they should share in the costs necessarily incurred, because they had the benefit of the assignee’s services. In Link Belt Machinery Co. v. Hughes, 174 Ill. 155-63, which was a case of a receivership, it was held that the “ receiver took the property subject to the same terms and conditions as it was held by his insolvent. If appellee had a lien against the property for rent, he also had a lien against the property after it thus passed into the hands of the receiver,” citing with approval the Hooven case, supra. The court also say: “ In this case, where the property was sold by the receiver under and bv order of the court, preserving whatever rights existed in favor of appellee Hughes, his lien continued and was transferred to the proceeds arising from the sale of such property, and was prior to the claims of other creditors or other costs.” To a like effect in principle are the cases of Ex parte Dunne, 8 S. C. (Rich.) 233, Van Alstyne v. Cook, 25 N. Y. 489-96, and New v. Nicoll, 73 N. Y. 127-31. It is true, as a general rule, that the object of appointing a receiver is to preserve the property for the benefit of all parties interested, and when property is taken in charge by the court, through its receiver, the property becomes chargeable with the necessary expenses incurred in taking care of and saving it, including the allowance to the receiver for his services, and the court has the right, when the property can be best conserved, to order its receiver to continue a business. This was held in the case of Knickerbocker v. McKindley Coal Co., 172 Ill. 535-47, in which it Avas also held that the property in the hands of the receiver, Avhen purchased at a foreclosure sale by the personal representatives of the party who created the indebtedness which occasioned the receivership, was subject to the claims of persons having claims against the receiver for materials furnished to the latter to carry on the business. The court, however, held that while the expenses of the business conducted by the receiver might be made chargeable on the property, the right so to do should be exercised with great caution, and should be done only Avhen it was necessary to take care of and save the property. In the very recent case of Makeel v. Hotchkiss, decided by the Supreme Court April 18, 1901, and reported in 33 Chicago Legal Hews, 301, the court considered the right of a court .of equity to make the expenses of a business conducted by its receiver chargeable upon the property in his hands a claim superior to previous liens, and held that, Avhile it had such right, it should be exercised with great caution, and declined to hold that it was proper in that case. Among the grounds for so holding, the court states that in the receivership case the previous lien was in no way - questioned, the receiver was appointed by consent of the litigating parties, and the amount realized at a sale of the property was only sufficient to pay the mortgage lien and costs. In the case at bar no question is made that the lien of appellees, by Ajirtue of their execution and levy thereunder, was subsisting at the time the receiver took possession, and still exists, and by the terms of the order by which the property was turned over to the receiver, he took it subject to all rights and to any lien of appellees. Moreover, appellees’ attorney, at the time the order was made, objected thereto and protested against its entry, and it nowhere appears from the record that appellees, or any one for them, ever assented directly or indirectly to the continuance of the business by the receiver, or that he had any benefit therefrom. The chancellor, who has a wide and varied experience in such matters,did not see fit to make the charges and expenses of the receiver, or any losses incurred by him in the conduct of the business, superior to the lien of the appellees. For the chancellor to have done so, would, as it appears to us, have been inequitable and in total disregard of the rights and claims of appellees, however harsh the effect upon appellant by reason of the insolvency of the partners to the litigation. Appellant has acted in the conduct of the business knowingly in the appropriation of property which came to his hands specially subjected to the lien of appellees, by the order of the chancellor and against the objection and protest of appellees’ attorney, and must take the consequences of his own lack of discretion. The decree of the Circuit Court entitling appellant to a discharge ' • on the payment by him to appellees of the pro.- adr. o- ; ach property, less the sheriff’s costs paid by íü jus; and is affirmed.